Draft:Nobile Collegio Chimico Farmaceutico
Oldest pharmaceutical institution in the world, Rome, founded 1429
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Nobile Collegio Chimico Farmaceutico (Noble College of Chemistry and Pharmacy), also known as the Universitas Aromatariorum Urbis, is one of the oldest pharmaceutical institutions in the world. It was founded in Rome on 8 March 1429 by Pope Martin V, who donated the Church of San Lorenzo in Miranda, located within the Temple of Antoninus and Faustina in the Roman Forum, to the Corporation of Roman Pharmacists (Corporazione degli Speziali).[1] The institution is governed by fifty Noble Fellows selected for outstanding professional and scientific merit, who are practising pharmacists resident in Rome.
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| Universitas Aromatariorum Urbis | |
| Founded | March 8, 1429 |
|---|---|
| Founder | Pope Martin V |
| Location | |
| Members | 50 Noble Fellows |
Official language | Italian |
| Website | nobilecollegio |
History
Origins and the Temple of Antoninus and Faustina
The site of the Nobile Collegio has a history spanning nearly two millennia. The Temple of Antoninus and Faustina was built by Emperor Antoninus Pius in 141 AD in honour of his wife Faustina the Elder, and was later converted into a Christian church, dedicated to Saint Lawrence, between the 7th and 8th centuries.[2]
Foundation by Pope Martin V (1429)
On 8 March 1429, Pope Martin V donated the collegiate church of San Lorenzo in Miranda to the Corporation of Roman Pharmacists (Universitas Aromatariorum), fulfilling their request for a sacred place in which to gather in prayer and reflect on the Christian and social values of their art.[1] The statutes of the Society of the Hospital of San Lorenzo in Miranda followed on 18 June 1430.[3]
The Roman apothecaries were organised into a single guild, known variously as the compagnia, università, or Nobile Collegio degli Speziali (first attested in 1429), to which was later added a confraternity with the church of San Lorenzo Martire degli Speziali, founded in 1450.[3]
The Church of San Lorenzo de' Speziali (1602)
In 1602, the Corporation of Speziali undertook the construction of a new church within the Roman Temple, under the direction of architect Orazio Torriani, completed in 1614.[4] The church took the name of San Lorenzo de' Speziali in Campo Vaccino. The statutes governing the college, its church and hospital were formally codified and published in Rome in 1607.[5]
By Papal decree, the Nobile Collegio de' Speziali was entrusted with institutional functions equivalent to those today held by the Ministry of Health, the professional Order, and the university.
Post-Unification (1871–present)
In 1871, with the annexation of Rome to the Italian State, these prerogatives ceased. The Nobile Collegio Romano dei Farmacisti — described as the oldest seat of the pharmaceutical art in the world — subsequently devoted itself to academic, cultural and social functions.
Organisation
The Nobile Collegio Chimico Farmaceutico – Universitas Aromatariorum Urbis is governed by fifty effective Noble Fellows (Nobili Collegiali effettivi), required to demonstrate professional and scientific merit, integrity of conduct, and to be practising pharmacists in Rome. Distinguished personalities, academics and pharmacists who have earned recognition through outstanding professional commitment may also be admitted as honorary Noble Fellows (Nobili Collegiali honoris causa).
The primary mission of the institution, as a private academy and in the spirit of the Bull of Martin V, is to promote research and studies in the History of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences and Health Sciences, and to maintain the officiating Church of San Lorenzo in Miranda.
The Nobile Collegio organises conferences and professional development courses in areas of pharmaceutical interest, including phytotherapy, homeopathy, nutrition and the history of pharmacy. Through its Accademia Romana di Storia della Farmacia e di Scienze Farmaceutiche (Roman Academy of the History of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences), it welcomes scholars and researchers wishing to enhance the heritage and scientific tradition of pharmacy.
The Complex
The Nobile Collegio – Universitas Aromatariorum complex comprises:
- The Church of San Lorenzo in Miranda, built in 1602 within the Temple of Antoninus and Faustina (141 AD), which houses works by Pietro da Cortona, Vanni, Domenichino, Alessandro Fortuna and other masters.[6]
- A private collection of Pharmaceutical Art and History of Pharmacy, including albarelli (pharmacy jars) from various periods, bronze mortars, laboratory instruments, antique glassware, medals, prints and ancient paintings.
- A library of over one thousand manuscripts, ancient statutes, Pharmacopoeias from various countries, sixteenth-century texts and recent publications.
- An archive preserving the history of the Corporation of Roman Apothecaries from 1430 to the present day.
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