Draft:Olga Vladimirovna Nikolaeva
Soviet planetary geochemist
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Olga Vladimirovna Nikolaeva (Russian: Ольга Владимировна Николаева; 1941, Ashgabat, Turkmenistan, USSR–2000) was a Soviet planetary geochemist and planetologist. She worked at the Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry of the USSR Academy of Sciences.[1][2] Her research concerned the geology and geochemistry of Venus, including the planet's atmosphere, surface materials, and the geology and petrology of Soviet Venera landing sites.[3][4]
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Olga Vladimirovna Nikolaeva | |
|---|---|
Ольга Владимировна Николаева | |
| Born | 1941 |
| Died | 2000 (aged 58–59) |
| Known for | Geochemical studies of Venus; interpretation of Venera lander data; work on the geology and petrology of Venera landing sites |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Planetary science, geochemistry, Venus |
| Institutions | Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, USSR Academy of Sciences |
Career
1959 – 1966 student of Faculty of Geology of Moscow State University[5].
1970 – 1973 PhD student of Faculty of Geology of Moscow State University[5].
1974 – 2000 Member of Laboratory of Comparative Planetology (1968-1974 as part of Institute of Space Research of Soviet Academy of Sciences, 1975- as part of Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry Soviet / Russian Academy of Sciences).
In the mid-1970s Nikolaeva co-authored a Vernadsky Institute report on the properties and analogues of lunar soil, presenting a 1974 engineering model relevant to spacecraft design and landing studies.[6]
Nikolaeva was among the Soviet researchers who interpreted data from the Venera missions for the study of Venus's atmosphere and surface. She co-authored work on the surface of Venus as revealed by Venera 9 and Venera 10,[7] and later co-authored a geochemical model of the Venusian troposphere.[8]
Nikolaeva worked on the diurnal variation of Venus's cloud cover and with the interpretation of a geochemical cycle involving changes in the thickness of the cloud layer from day to night.[9]
Nikolaeva also took part in the interpretation of the chemical and optical properties of the Venusian surface. A paper on the KONTRAST geochemical indicator, flown on Venera 13 and Venera 14, reported oxidizing-reducing conditions at the surface of Venus from measurements made close to the planet's surface.[10] Burba G.A. described Nikolaeva as having led the development of the indicator and noted that two patents were obtained for the invention.[9] She also co-authored a work on the albedo and color properties of the Venusian surface as observed from Venera 13 data.[11]
In 1983, Nikolaeva was among the authors of a Science paper that used close-up panoramic images from Venera 13 and Venera 14 to discuss whether some layered rocks on Venus might be sedimentary rather than volcanic in origin.[12]
Her later work included geochemical comparisons between terrestrial igneous rocks and rocks inferred from Venera measurements. In 1990, she argued that the geochemistry of material at the Venera 8 landing site could indicate a type of continental crust on Venus.[13] In 1997, she published a comparative study of potassium, uranium and thorium systematics in igneous rocks, comparing oceanic island-arc volcanics on Earth with rocks on the surface of Venus.[14]
Nikolaeva was also associated with early classification work on large geological structures observed in radar images of Venus. She co-authored a paper on the main types of structures in the northern hemisphere of Venus, based on data from Venera 15 and Venera 16.[15] Burba credited her with defining arachnoids as a specific class of endogenic geological structures on Venus.[9]
Legacy
The Venusian feature Nikolaeva Patera was named in her honor in 2006.[16] According to G.A. Burba, the proposal to name the feature after Nikolaeva was made by V. I. Feldman of the Geological Department of Moscow State University.[9]
Selected publications
- Florensky, K. P.; Basilevsky, A. T.; Nikolaeva, O. V. (1975). Лунный грунт: свойства и аналоги. Модель 1974 г. [Lunar soil: properties and analogues. The 1974 model] (in Russian). Moscow: USSR Academy of Sciences, Vernadsky Institute.
- Florensky, K. P.; Ronca, L. B.; Basilevsky, A. T.; Burba, G. A.; Nikolaeva, O. V.; Pronin, A. A.; Trakhtman, A. M.; Volkov, V. P.; Zasetsky, V. V. (1977). "The surface of Venus as revealed by Soviet Venera 9 and 10". Geological Society of America Bulletin. 88: 1537–1545.
- Florensky, C. P.; Volkov, V. P.; Nikolaeva, O. V. (1978). "A geochemical model of the Venus troposphere". Icarus. 33 (3): 537–553.
- Florensky, C. P.; Nikolaeva, O. V.; Volkov, V. P.; Kudryashova, A. F.; Pronin, A. A.; Geektin, Yu. M.; Tchaikina, E. A.; Bashkirova, A. S. (1983). "The oxidizing-reducing conditions on the surface of Venus according to the data of the 'KONTRAST' geochemical indicator on the Venera 13 and Venera 14 spacecraft". Cosmic Research. 21: 278–281.
- Florensky, C. P.; Basilevsky, A. T.; Kryuchkov, V. P.; Kuzmin, R. O.; Nikolaeva, O. V.; Pronin, A. A.; Chernaya, I. M.; Tyuflin, Yu. S.; Selivanov, A. S.; Naraeva, M. K.; Ronca, L. B. (1983). "Venera 13 and Venera 14: Sedimentary rocks on Venus?". Science. 221 (4605): 57–59. doi:10.1126/science.221.4605.57.
- Barsukov, V. L.; Basilevsky, A. T.; Kuzmin, R. O.; Markov, M. S.; Kryuchkov, V. P.; Nikolaeva, O. V.; Pronin, A. A.; Sukhanov, A. L.; Chernaya, I. M.; Burba, G. A. (1985). "Main types of structures of the northern hemisphere of Venus". Solar System Research. 19: 1–9.
- Shkuratov, Yu. G.; Kreslavsky, M. A.; Nikolayeva, O. V. (1987). Diagram Albedo-Color of Venus Surface According to Venera-13 Data. Lunar and Planetary Science Conference XVIII. p. 914.
- Nikolaeva, O. V. (1990). "Geochemistry of the Venera 8 material demonstrates the presence of continental crust on Venus". Earth, Moon, and Planets. 50/51: 329–342.
- Basilevsky, A. T.; Nikolaeva, O. V.; Weitz, C. M. (1992). "Geology of the Venera 8 landing site region from Magellan data: Morphological and geochemical considerations". Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets. 97 (E10): 16315–16335. doi:10.1029/92JE01557.
- Nikolaeva, O. V. (1997). "K-U-Th systematics of igneous rocks for planetological comparisons: Oceanic island-arc volcanics on Earth versus rocks on the surface of Venus". Geochemistry International. 35: 424–447.
- Nikolaeva, O. V.; Ariskin, A. A. (1999). "Geochemical constraints on petrogenic processes on Venus". Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets. 104 (E8): 18889–18897. doi:10.1029/1996JE000337.