ETRAX CRIS
Series of microprocessors
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The ETRAX CRIS is a RISC ISA and series of CPUs designed and manufactured by Axis Communications for use in embedded systems since 1993.[1] The name is an acronym of the chip's features: Ethernet, Token Ring, AXis - Code Reduced Instruction Set. Token Ring support has been taken out from the latest chips as it has become obsolete.
Types of chips
The CGA-1 (Coax Gate Array) was the first microprocessor developed by Axis Communications. It contains IBM 3270 (coax) and IBM 5250 (Twinax) communications. The chip has a microcontroller and various I/O's such as serial and parallel. The CGA-1 chip was designed by Martin Gren and Staffan Göransson.[2]
ETRAX
- In 1993, Axis developed the ETRAX-1 Ethernet Controller, which has 10 Mbit/s Ethernet and Token Ring controllers.
- In 1995, Axis introduced the ETRAX-4 SoC which contains a Ethernet Controller, CPU, Memory Interface, SCSI controller, and parallel and serial I/O. [3]
- In 1997, Axis introduced the ETRAX 100 SoC which features a 10/100 Mbit/s Ethernet Controller, ATA controller, and Wide SCSI controller. The chip introduced on-chip unified instruction and data cache along with direct memory access.[4]
ETRAX 100LX
In 2000, Axis Introduced the ETRAX 100LX SoC which features a MMU, USB controller, and SDRAM interface. The CPU is capable of 100 MIPS. The chip is able to run the Linux kernel without modifications except for low-level support.[5] The chip's maximum TDP is 0.35 Watts. As of Linux kernel 4.17, the architecture has been dropped due to being obsolete.[6]
Specifications:
- 32-bit RISC CPU core
- 10/100 Mbit/s Ethernet controller
- 4 asynchronous serial ports
- 2 synchronous serial ports
- 2 USB ports
- 2 Parallel ports
- 4 ATA (IDE) ports
- 2 Narrow SCSI ports (or 1 Wide)
- Support for SDRAM, Flash, EEPROM, SRAM
ETRAX 100LX MCM
The ETRAX 100LX MCM is based on the ETRAX 100 LX. The chip has internal flash memory, SDRAM, and an Ethernet PHYceiver. The Chip can come with 2 MB flash and 8 MB SDRAM or 4 MB flash and 16 MB SDRAM.
ETRAX FS
Introduced in 2005 with full Linux 2.6 support, the chip features:
ARTPEC
The Axis Real-Time Picture Encoder Chip (ARTPEC) is a system on a chip (SoC) developed by Axis Communications.[7] There are currently nine generations of the chip, all of which run AXIS OS, a modified version of Linux designed for embedded devices. Not all products developed by Axis Communications use its custom chip. The chip is typically found in high-performance devices such as higher-end cameras, while lower-cost devices use SoCs from Ambarella.[8]
| Release year | Name | CPU | Features |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1999 | ARTPEC-1 | ETRAX CRIS |
Runs μClinux, an embedded operating system which became known as Embedded Linux |
| 2003 | ARTPEC-2 | ETRAX CRIS |
Combined digital signal processor and CPU into one package Hardware accelerated MPEG-4 video encoding |
| 2007 | ARTPEC-3 | ETRAX CRIS |
Hardware accelerated H.264 video encoding Capable of capturing 1080P video at 30 frames per second |
| 2011 | ARTPEC-4 | Multi-threaded MIPS CPU (34Kc)[9] |
Implements Lightfinder, a technology that allows a camera to see color in low light or challenging light conditions |
| 2013 | ARTPEC-5 | Dual-core MIPS CPU (1004Kf) |
Implements Forensic Capture, a High Dynamic Range technology that increases forensic details in a scene Implements Video encoders that utilize a technology called Zipstream to reduce bandwidth while maintaining video quality and detail |
| 2017 | ARTPEC-6 | ARM Cortex-A9 |
Can run video analytics capable of identifying objects such as humans and cars Capable of capturing 4K video at 30 frames per second |
| 2019 | ARTPEC-7 | ARM Cortex-A9 |
Implements a machine learning processor[10] Hardware accelerated H.265 video encoding Implements secure boot, which prevents booting of unauthorized firmware Improves low-light imaging via a technology called Lightfinder 2.0 |
| 2021 | ARTPEC-8 | ARM Cortex-A53 |
Implements a deep learning processor[11] Can run video analytics that recognize various object characteristics such as clothing |
| 2024 | ARTPEC-9 | ARM Cortex-A55 |
Hardware accelerated AV1 video encoding Faster deep learning processor capable of identifying more object characteristics |