Echinoplaca pernambucensis

The Echinoplaca pernambucensis lichen is crustose, featuring a whitish-green basal crust that is 2–3 cm wide and 100–115 μm thick. The crust is corticate in some areas, while it appears cracked and granular in others. This lichen hosts a species of Chlorococcaceae as its photobiont, with cells that measure 4–6 μm wide. It also contains abundant calcium oxalate crystals.^[2]

The upper surface of the lichen is covered with numerous conical areolae, which are pinkish-white, up to 0.2 mm high and wide, and lack algae. The areolae have a more compact texture than the basal crust and feature a central hyphophore. The hyphophores are whitish, up to 0.4 mm long, mostly curved, and 30–40 μm wide, with a slightly broader apex. No diahyphae, setae, or apothecia have been observed in this species.^[2]

The secondary chemistry of Echinoplaca pernambucensis includes gyrophoric acid as a major component, and both lecanoric acid and subgyrophoric acid as minor components.^[2]

Echinoplaca pernambucensis is found growing on the bark of tree species in the Atlantic Forest in Pernambuco, Brazil. The lichen typically grows about 1.5 m (4.9 ft) above the ground.^[2]

The genus Echinoplaca is characterised by flush apothecia with the thallus, and often the presence of hyphophores and setae. While the absence of apothecia makes the generic placement of this species tentative, it shares several characteristics with other Echinoplaca species, such as the presence of hyphophores, calcium oxalate crystals, and the type of photobiont. Other genera in the family Gomphillaceae, such as Gyalideopsis and Calenia, also share some similarities with Echinoplaca pernambucensis, but differences in their respective features set them apart from this species.^[2]