Egyptian stelae in the Levant
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The Egyptian Stelae in the Levant are the approximately 25 Ancient Egyptian stelae discovered in the Levant, today known as Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Palestine and Jordan.[1] The most notable examples are the Stelae of Nahr el-Kalb and the Beisan steles.
Only five pharaohs are represented: Thutmosis III and his son Amenophis II (1479 - 1401 BC, both 18th dynasty), Seti I and his son Ramesses II and (1290 BC to 1213 BC, both 19th dynasty), and Shoshenq I (943–922 BC, 22nd dynasty).
List of known stelae
| Original location | Image | Pharaoh / year | Preservation | Discovery date | Current location | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stelae of Nahr el-Kalb | Ramesses II, year 4 | rock-stela, eroded | 1697 | in situ | [2] | |
| Ramesses II, year 10 | rock-stela, eroded | 1697 | ||||
| Ramesses II | rock-stela, eroded, vandalized in 1860/61 | 1697 | ||||
| Aadloun stele | Ramesses II | rock-stela, eroded since destroyed | ? | in situ, now destroyed | ||
| Al-Shaykh Saad | Ramesses II | complete, eroded | 1891 | (unknown) | [3] | |
| Tell Shihab | Seti I | Fragment | 1901 | Istanbul | [4] | |
| Byblos | Ramesses II, year 4 | Two fragments | 1919 | Beirut | ||
| Tell al-Nabi Mando | Seti I | Fragment | 1921 | Aleppo | ||
| Beisan steles | Seti I | Fragment | 1921 | Rockefeller Archeological Museum | ||
| Seti I, year 1 | Complete | 1923 | ||||
| Ramesses II, year 18 | Complete | 1923 | Penn Museum | |||
| Ramesses II | Two fragments | 1923, 1925 | Jerusalem and Penn Museum | [5] | ||
| Tel Megiddo | Sheshonq I | Fragment | 1925-29 | Jerusalem | [6][7] | |
| Tell el-'Oreimeh | Thutmosis III or Amenophis II | Fragment | 1928 | Deganya | [8] | |
| Byblos | Thutmosis III (?) | Fragment | 1933-38 | Beirut | ||
| Tyre | Seti I | Two fragments | 1960s | |||
| Ramesses II | Fragment | 1960s | ||||
| Ramesses II | Fragment | prior to 1975 | ||||
| Al-Kiswah | Ramesses II, year 56 | Fragment | 1994 | Damascus | ||
| at-Turra | Ramesses II | Fragment | 1999 | in situ | ||
| Maydaa | 2010 | [9] |
See also
Bibliography
- Wimmer, Stefan Jakob [in German] (2002). "A New Stela of Ramesses II in Jordan in the Context of Egyptian Royal Stelae in the Levant". Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München. doi:10.5282/UBM/EPUB.14236. Retrieved 2023-04-17.
- Weinstein, James M. (1981). "The Egyptian Empire in Palestine: A Reassessment". Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research (241). American Schools of Oriental Research: 1–28. doi:10.2307/1356708. eISSN 2161-8062. ISSN 0003-097X. JSTOR 1356708. S2CID 164015977. Retrieved 2023-04-23.