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Electric car EPA fuel economy

Table of electric car efficiency data From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The following table compares official EPA ratings for fuel economy (in miles per gallon gasoline equivalent, mpg-e or MPGe, for plug-in electric vehicles) for series production all-electric passenger vehicles rated by the EPA for model years 2015,[1] 2016,[2] 2017,[3] and 2023[4] versus the model year 2016 vehicles that were rated the most efficient by the EPA with plug-in hybrid drivetrains (Chevrolet Volt – second generation), gasoline-electric hybrid drivetrains (Toyota Prius Eco - fourth generation),[5][6][7] and the average new vehicle for that model year, which has a fuel economy of 25 mpg‑US (9.4 L/100 km; 30 mpg‑imp).[2][5]

EPA rating data are taken from manufacturer testing of their own vehicles using a series of tests specified by federal law. Manufacturers usually conduct the tests using pre-production prototypes. Manufacturers report the results to EPA. The EPA then reviews the results and selects about 15%–20% of them to confirm through their own tests at the National Vehicles and Fuel Emissions Laboratory.[8]

Real-world EV efficiency can also be expressed in miles per kilowatt-hour (mi/kWh), which converts EPA MPGe values into direct electrical energy consumption, allowing cross-comparison between electric and gasoline vehicles.[9]

More information Vehicle, Model year ...
Comparison of top fuel efficient battery-electric vehicles versus most efficient fossil fuel vehicles (including hybrid-electric vehicles)
(Fuel economy as displayed in the Monroney label)[1][2][3]
Vehicle Model
year		 EPA rated fuel economy Notes
Combined City Highway
Toyota Prius HEV[4] 2023 57 mpg 57 mpg 56 mpg (9)
Hyundai Ioniq 6 Long Range RWD w/ 18-inch wheels[4] 2023 140 mpg‑e
24.1 kWh/100 mi; 15.0 kWh/100 km		 153 mpg‑e
22.0 kWh/100 mi; 13.7 kWh/100 km		 127 mpg‑e
26.5 kWh/100 mi; 16.5 kWh/100 km		 (1)
Lucid Air Pure AWD w/ 19-inch wheels[4] 2023 140 mpg‑e
24.1 kWh/100 mi; 15.0 kWh/100 km		 141 mpg‑e
23.9 kWh/100 mi; 14.9 kWh/100 km		 140 mpg‑e
24.1 kWh/100 mi; 15.0 kWh/100 km		 (1)
Tesla Model Y AWD[4] 2023 123 mpg‑e
27.4 kWh/100 mi; 17.0 kWh/100 km		 129 mpg‑e
26.1 kWh/100 mi; 16.2 kWh/100 km		 116 mpg‑e
29.1 kWh/100 mi; 18.1 kWh/100 km		 (1)
Tesla Model 3[10] Standard Range[11] 2020 141 mpg‑e
23.9 kWh/100 mi; 14.9 kWh/100 km		 148 mpg‑e
22.8 kWh/100 mi; 14.2 kWh/100 km		 132 mpg‑e
25.5 kWh/100 mi; 15.9 kWh/100 km		 (1)
Hyundai Ioniq Electric[3][12] 2017 136 mpg‑e
24.8 kWh/100 mi; 15.4 kWh/100 km		 150 mpg‑e
22.5 kWh/100 mi; 14.0 kWh/100 km		 122 mpg‑e
27.6 kWh/100 mi; 17.2 kWh/100 km		 (1) (4)
BMW i3 (60 A·h)[13][14] 2014/15/16 124 mpg‑e
27.2 kWh/100 mi; 16.9 kWh/100 km		 137 mpg‑e
24.6 kWh/100 mi; 15.3 kWh/100 km		 111 mpg‑e
30.4 kWh/100 mi; 18.9 kWh/100 km		 (1) (3) (4) (5)
Scion iQ EV[15] 2013 121 mpg‑e
27.9 kWh/100 mi; 17.3 kWh/100 km		 138 mpg‑e
24.4 kWh/100 mi; 15.2 kWh/100 km		 105 mpg‑e
32.1 kWh/100 mi; 19.9 kWh/100 km		 (1)
Tesla Model 3 Long Range AWD[16] 2020 121 mpg‑e
27.9 kWh/100 mi; 17.3 kWh/100 km		 124 mpg‑e
27.2 kWh/100 mi; 16.9 kWh/100 km		 116 mpg‑e
29.1 kWh/100 mi; 18.1 kWh/100 km		 (1)
Chevrolet Bolt EV[17] 2017 119 mpg‑e
28.3 kWh/100 mi; 17.6 kWh/100 km		 121 mpg‑e
27.9 kWh/100 mi; 17.3 kWh/100 km		 110 mpg‑e
30.6 kWh/100 mi; 19.0 kWh/100 km
Chevrolet Spark EV[18] 2014/15/16 119 mpg‑e
28.3 kWh/100 mi; 17.6 kWh/100 km		 128 mpg‑e
26.3 kWh/100 mi; 16.4 kWh/100 km		 109 mpg‑e
30.9 kWh/100 mi; 19.2 kWh/100 km		 (1)
BMW i3 (94 A·h)[13] 2017 118 mpg‑e
28.6 kWh/100 mi; 17.7 kWh/100 km		 129 mpg‑e
26.1 kWh/100 mi; 16.2 kWh/100 km		 106 mpg‑e
31.8 kWh/100 mi; 19.8 kWh/100 km		 (1)
Honda Fit EV[19] 2013/14 118 mpg‑e
28.6 kWh/100 mi; 17.7 kWh/100 km		 132 mpg‑e
25.5 kWh/100 mi; 15.9 kWh/100 km		 105 mpg‑e
32.1 kWh/100 mi; 19.9 kWh/100 km		 (1)
Fiat 500e[20] 2013/14/15 116 mpg‑e
29.1 kWh/100 mi; 18.1 kWh/100 km		 122 mpg‑e
27.6 kWh/100 mi; 17.2 kWh/100 km		 108 mpg‑e
31.2 kWh/100 mi; 19.4 kWh/100 km		 (1)
Volkswagen e-Golf[21] 2015/16 116 mpg‑e
29.1 kWh/100 mi; 18.1 kWh/100 km		 126 mpg‑e
26.8 kWh/100 mi; 16.6 kWh/100 km		 105 mpg‑e
32.1 kWh/100 mi; 19.9 kWh/100 km		 (1)
Nissan Leaf (24 kW-h)[22] 2013/14/15/16 114 mpg‑e
29.6 kWh/100 mi; 18.4 kWh/100 km		 126 mpg‑e
26.8 kWh/100 mi; 16.6 kWh/100 km		 101 mpg‑e
33.4 kWh/100 mi; 20.7 kWh/100 km		 (1) (6)
Mitsubishi i[23] 2012/13/14/16 112 mpg‑e
30.1 kWh/100 mi; 18.7 kWh/100 km		 126 mpg‑e
26.8 kWh/100 mi; 16.6 kWh/100 km		 99 mpg‑e
34.0 kWh/100 mi; 21.2 kWh/100 km		 (1)
Nissan Leaf (30 kW-h)[22] 2016 112 mpg‑e
30.1 kWh/100 mi; 18.7 kWh/100 km		 124 mpg‑e
27.2 kWh/100 mi; 16.9 kWh/100 km		 101 mpg‑e
33.4 kWh/100 mi; 20.7 kWh/100 km		 (1)
Fiat 500e[24] 2016 112 mpg‑e
30.1 kWh/100 mi; 18.7 kWh/100 km		 121 mpg‑e
27.9 kWh/100 mi; 17.3 kWh/100 km		 103 mpg‑e
32.7 kWh/100 mi; 20.3 kWh/100 km		 (1)
Smart electric drive[25] 2013/14/15/16 107 mpg‑e
31.5 kWh/100 mi; 19.6 kWh/100 km		 122 mpg‑e
27.6 kWh/100 mi; 17.2 kWh/100 km		 93 mpg‑e
36.2 kWh/100 mi; 22.5 kWh/100 km		 (1) (7)
Kia Soul EV[26] 2015/16 105 mpg‑e
32.1 kWh/100 mi; 19.9 kWh/100 km		 120 mpg‑e
28.1 kWh/100 mi; 17.5 kWh/100 km		 92 mpg‑e
36.6 kWh/100 mi; 22.8 kWh/100 km		 (1)
Ford Focus Electric[27] 2012/13/14/15/16 105 mpg‑e
32.1 kWh/100 mi; 19.9 kWh/100 km		 110 mpg‑e
30.6 kWh/100 mi; 19.0 kWh/100 km		 99 mpg‑e
34.0 kWh/100 mi; 21.2 kWh/100 km		 (1)
Tesla Model S AWD - 70D[2][28] 2015/16 101 mpg‑e
33.4 kWh/100 mi; 20.7 kWh/100 km		 101 mpg‑e
33.4 kWh/100 mi; 20.7 kWh/100 km		 102 mpg‑e
33.0 kWh/100 mi; 20.5 kWh/100 km		 (1)
Tesla Model S AWD - 85D[2][29] & 90D[2][28] 2015/16 100 mpg‑e
33.7 kWh/100 mi; 20.9 kWh/100 km		 95 mpg‑e
35.5 kWh/100 mi; 22.0 kWh/100 km		 106 mpg‑e
31.8 kWh/100 mi; 19.8 kWh/100 km		 (1) (8)
Tesla Model S (60 kW·h)[2][28] 2014/15/16 95 mpg‑e
35.5 kWh/100 mi; 22.0 kWh/100 km		 94 mpg‑e
35.9 kWh/100 mi; 22.3 kWh/100 km		 97 mpg‑e
34.7 kWh/100 mi; 21.6 kWh/100 km		 (1)
Tesla Model S AWD - P85D[2][29] & P90D[2][28] 2015/16 93 mpg‑e
36.2 kWh/100 mi; 22.5 kWh/100 km		 89 mpg‑e
37.9 kWh/100 mi; 23.5 kWh/100 km		 98 mpg‑e
34.4 kWh/100 mi; 21.4 kWh/100 km		 (1) (8)
Tesla Model X AWD – 90D[30] 2016 92 mpg‑e
36.6 kWh/100 mi; 22.8 kWh/100 km		 90 mpg‑e
37.5 kWh/100 mi; 23.3 kWh/100 km		 94 mpg‑e
35.9 kWh/100 mi; 22.3 kWh/100 km		 (1)
Tesla Model X AWD – P90D[30] 2016 89 mpg‑e
37.9 kWh/100 mi; 23.5 kWh/100 km		 89 mpg‑e
37.9 kWh/100 mi; 23.5 kWh/100 km		 90 mpg‑e
37.5 kWh/100 mi; 23.3 kWh/100 km		 (1)
Tesla Model S (85 kW·h)[31] 2012/13/14/15 89 mpg‑e
37.9 kWh/100 mi; 23.5 kWh/100 km		 88 mpg‑e
38.3 kWh/100 mi; 23.8 kWh/100 km		 90 mpg‑e
37.5 kWh/100 mi; 23.3 kWh/100 km		 (1)
Mercedes-Benz B-Class Electric Drive[32] 2014/15/16 84 mpg‑e
40.1 kWh/100 mi; 24.9 kWh/100 km		 85 mpg‑e
39.7 kWh/100 mi; 24.6 kWh/100 km		 83 mpg‑e
40.6 kWh/100 mi; 25.2 kWh/100 km		 (1)
Toyota RAV4 EV[33] 2012/13/14 76 mpg‑e
44.3 kWh/100 mi; 27.6 kWh/100 km		 78 mpg‑e
43.2 kWh/100 mi; 26.9 kWh/100 km		 74 mpg‑e
45.5 kWh/100 mi; 28.3 kWh/100 km		 (1)
BYD e6[2][34] 2012/13/14/15/16 63 mpg‑e
53.5 kWh/100 mi; 33.2 kWh/100 km		 61 mpg‑e
55.3 kWh/100 mi; 34.3 kWh/100 km		 65 mpg‑e
51.9 kWh/100 mi; 32.2 kWh/100 km		 (1)
Second gen Chevrolet Volt[2][35][36]
Plug-in hybrid (PHEV)
Electricity only		 2016 106 mpg‑e
31.8 kWh/100 mi; 19.8 kWh/100 km		 113 mpg‑e
29.8 kWh/100 mi; 18.5 kWh/100 km		 99 mpg‑e
34.0 kWh/100 mi; 21.2 kWh/100 km		 (1) (2) (9)
Volt, Gasoline only 42 mpg 43 mpg 42 mpg
Toyota Prius Eco (4th gen)[6]
Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV)
Gasoline-electric hybrid		201656 mpg58 mpg53 mpg (2) (10)
Ford Fusion AWD A-S6 2.0L[2][37]
Gasoline-powered
(Average new vehicle)		201625 mpg22 mpg31 mpg (2) (11)
Notes: All estimated fuel economy based on 15,000 miles (24,000 km) annual driving, 45% highway and 55% city

(1) Conversion 1 gallon of gasoline=33.7 kW·h.
(2) The 2014 i3 REx is classified by EPA as a series plug-in hybrid, while for CARB is a range-extended battery-electric vehicle (BEVx). The i3 REx is the most fuel economic EPA-certified current year vehicle with a gasoline engine with a combined gasoline/electricity rating of 88 mpg-e, but its total range is limited to 150 mi (240 km).[5][38]
(3) The 2014/16 BMW i3 (60 A·h) ranked as the most fuel economic EPA-certified vehicle of all fuel types considered in all years until MY 2016. It was surpassed by the 2017 Hyundai Ioniq Electric in November 2016.[38]
(4) The i3 REx has a combined fuel economy in all-electric mode of 117 mpg-e (29 kW·h/100 mi; 18 kW⋅h/100 km).[39]
(5) The 2016 model year Leaf correspond to the variant with the 24 kW·h battery pack.
(6) Ratings correspond to both convertible and coupe models.
(7) Model with 85 kW·h battery pack
(8) Most fuel economic plug-in hybrid capable of long distance travel. The 2016 Volt has a rating of 77 mpg-e for combined gasoline/electricity operation.[5]
(9) Most fuel economic hybrid electric car.[2][5]
(10) Other 2016 MY cars achieving 25 mpg‑US (9.4 L/100 km; 30 mpg‑imp) combined city/hwy include the Honda Accord A-S6 3.5L, Toyota Camry A-S6 3.5L and Toyota RAV4 A-S6 2.5L.[2][37]

Close

ADAC also carried out consumption measurements.[40]

See also

See also: Kilowatt hour § Other use

References

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