Electronegativities of the elements (data page)

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Electronegativity (Pauling scale)

Periodic table of electronegativity by Pauling scale
→ Atomic radius decreases → Ionization energy increases → Electronegativity increases →
More information Group →, ↓ Period ...
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Group →
↓ Period
1 H
2.20		 He
 
2 Li
0.98		 Be
1.57		 B
2.04		 C
2.55		 N
3.04		 O
3.44		 F
3.98		 Ne
 
3 Na
0.93		 Mg
1.31		 Al
1.61		 Si
1.90		 P
2.19		 S
2.58		 Cl
3.16		 Ar
 
4 K
0.82		 Ca
1.00		 Sc
1.36		 Ti
1.54		 V
1.63		 Cr
1.66		 Mn
1.55		 Fe
1.83		 Co
1.88		 Ni
1.91		 Cu
1.90		 Zn
1.65		 Ga
1.81		 Ge
2.01		 As
2.18		 Se
2.55		 Br
2.96		 Kr
3.00
5 Rb
0.82		 Sr
0.95		 Y
1.22		 Zr
1.33		 Nb
1.6		 Mo
2.16		 Tc
1.9		 Ru
2.2		 Rh
2.28		 Pd
2.20		 Ag
1.93		 Cd
1.69		 In
1.78		 Sn
1.96		 Sb
2.05		 Te
2.1		 I
2.66		 Xe
2.60
6 Cs
0.79		 Ba
0.89		 1 asterisk Lu
1.27		 Hf
1.3		 Ta
1.5		 W
2.36		 Re
1.9		 Os
2.2		 Ir
2.20		 Pt
2.28		 Au
2.54		 Hg
2.00		 Tl
1.62		 Pb
1.87		 Bi
2.02		 Po
2.0		 At
2.2		 Rn
2.2
7 Fr
>0.79[en 1]		 Ra
0.9		 1 asterisk Lr
1.3[en 2]		 Rf
 		 Db
 		 Sg
 		 Bh
 		 Hs
 		 Mt
 		 Ds
 		 Rg
 		 Cn
 		 Nh
 		 Fl
 		 Mc
 		 Lv
 		 Ts
 		 Og
 

1 asterisk La
1.1		 Ce
1.12		 Pr
1.13		 Nd
1.14		 Pm
–		 Sm
1.17		 Eu
–		 Gd
1.2		 Tb
1.21		 Dy
1.22		 Ho
1.23		 Er
1.24		 Tm
1.25		 Yb
–
1 asterisk Ac
1.1		 Th
1.3		 Pa
1.5		 U
1.38		 Np
1.36		 Pu
1.28		 Am
1.3		 Cm
1.28		 Bk
1.3		 Cf
1.3		 Es
1.3		 Fm
1.3		 Md
1.3		 No
1.3
Close

See also: Electronegativities of the elements (data page)
There are no reliable sources for Pm, Eu and Yb other than the range of 1.1–1.2; see Pauling, Linus (1960). The Nature of the Chemical Bond. 3rd ed., Cornell University Press, p. 93.

  1. [1]
    The electronegativity of francium was chosen by Pauling as 0.7, close to that of caesium (also assessed 0.7 at that point). The base value of hydrogen was later increased by 0.10 and caesium's electronegativity was later refined to 0.79; however, no refinements have been made for francium as no experiment has been conducted. However, francium is expected and, to a small extent, observed to be more electronegative than caesium. See francium for details.
  2. [2]
    See Brown, Geoffrey (2012). The Inaccessible Earth: An integrated view to its structure and composition. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 88. ISBN 9789401115162.
More information Number, Symbol ...
Data table: electronegativities of the elements
Number Symbol Name electronegativity WEL[1] CRC[2] Lange[3]
1Hhydrogen 2.20same
2Hehelium no datasame
3Lilithium 0.98same
4Beberyllium 1.57same
5Bboron 2.04same
6Ccarbon 2.55same
7Nnitrogen 3.04same
8Ooxygen 3.44same
9Ffluorine 3.983.983.983.90
10Neneon no datasame
11Nasodium 0.93same
12Mgmagnesium 1.31same
13Alaluminium 1.61same
14Sisilicon 1.90same
15Pphosphorus 2.19same
16Ssulfur 2.58same
17Clchlorine 3.16same
18Arargon no datasame
19Kpotassium 0.82same
20Cacalcium 1.00same
21Scscandium 1.36same
22Tititanium 1.54same
23Vvanadium 1.63same
24Crchromium 1.66same
25Mnmanganese 1.55same
26Feiron 1.83same
27Cocobalt 1.88same
28Ninickel 1.91same
29Cucopper 1.90same
30Znzinc 1.65same
31Gagallium 1.81same
32Gegermanium 2.01same
33Asarsenic 2.18same
34Seselenium 2.55same
35Brbromine 2.96same
36Krkrypton 3.003.00no datano data
37Rbrubidium 0.82same
38Srstrontium 0.95same
39Yyttrium 1.22same
40Zrzirconium 1.33same
41Nbniobium 1.6same
42Momolybdenum 2.16same
43Tctechnetium 1.91.92.102.10
44Ruruthenium 2.2same
45Rhrhodium 2.28same
46Pdpalladium 2.20same
47Agsilver 1.93same
48Cdcadmium 1.69same
49Inindium 1.78same
50Sntin 1.96same
51Sbantimony 2.05same
52Tetellurium 2.1same
53Iiodine 2.66same
54Xexenon 2.62.62.60no data
55Cscaesium 0.79same
56Babarium 0.89same
57Lalanthanum 1.10same
58Cecerium 1.12same
59Prpraseodymium 1.13same
60Ndneodymium 1.14same
61Pmpromethium(lowest in range) 1.10same
61 Pm promethium(highest in range) 1.20
62Smsamarium 1.17same
63Eueuropium(lowest in range) 1.1same
63 Eu europium(highest in range) 1.2
64Gdgadolinium 1.20same
65Tbterbium 1.1same
66Dydysprosium 1.22same
67Hoholmium 1.23same
68Ererbium 1.24same
69Tmthulium 1.25same
70Ybytterbium(lowest in range) 1.1same
70 Yb ytterbium(highest in range) 1.2
71Lulutetium 1.271.271.01.0
72Hfhafnium 1.3same
73Tatantalum 1.5same
74Wtungsten 2.362.361.71.7
75Rerhenium 1.9same
76Ososmium 2.2same
77Iriridium 2.202.202.22.2
78Ptplatinum 2.282.282.22.2
79Augold 2.542.542.42.4
80Hgmercury 2.002.001.91.9
81Tlthallium 1.621.621.81.8
82Pblead 2.332.331.81.8
83Bibismuth 2.022.021.91.9
84Popolonium 2.0same
85Atastatine 2.2same
86Rnradon no datasame
87Frfrancium no data0.7
88Raradium 0.9same
89Acactinium 1.1same
90Ththorium 1.3same
91Paprotactinium 1.5same
92Uuranium 1.381.381.71.7
93Npneptunium 1.361.361.31.3
94Puplutonium 1.281.281.31.3
95Amamericium 1.31.3no data1.3
96Cmcurium 1.31.3no data1.3
97Bkberkelium 1.31.3no data1.3
98Cfcalifornium 1.31.3no data1.3
99Eseinsteinium 1.31.3no data1.3
100Fmfermium 1.31.3no data1.3
101Mdmendelevium 1.31.3no data1.3
102Nonobelium 1.31.3no data1.3
Close

Notes

  • Separate values for each source are only given where one or more sources differ.
  • Electronegativity is not a uniquely defined property and may depend on the definition. The suggested values are all taken from WebElements as a consistent set.
  • Many of the highly radioactive elements have values that must be predictions or extrapolations, but are unfortunately not marked as such. This is especially problematic for francium, which by relativistic calculations can be shown to be less electronegative than caesium, but for which the only value (0.7) in the literature predates these calculations.

Electronegativity (Allen scale)

Allen electronegativity is related to the average energy of the valence electrons in a free atom. Tabulations of values have been published.[4]

More information Group →, ↓ Period ...
Electronegativity using the Allen scale
Group → 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
↓ Period
1 H
2.300		 He
4.160
2 Li
0.912		 Be
1.576		 B
2.051		 C
2.544		 N
3.066		 O
3.610		 F
4.193		 Ne
4.787
3 Na
0.869		 Mg
1.293		 Al
1.613		 Si
1.916		 P
2.253		 S
2.589		 Cl
2.869		 Ar
3.242
4 K
0.734		 Ca
1.034		 Sc
1.19		 Ti
1.38		 V
1.53		 Cr
1.65		 Mn
1.75		 Fe
1.80		 Co
1.84		 Ni
1.88		 Cu
1.85		 Zn
1.588		 Ga
1.756		 Ge
1.994		 As
2.211		 Se
2.424		 Br
2.685		 Kr
2.966
5 Rb
0.706		 Sr
0.963		 Y
1.12		 Zr
1.32		 Nb
1.41		 Mo
1.47		 Tc
1.51		 Ru
1.54		 Rh
1.56		 Pd
1.58		 Ag
1.87		 Cd
1.521		 In
1.656		 Sn
1.824		 Sb
1.984		 Te
2.158		 I
2.359		 Xe
2.582
6 Cs
0.659		 Ba
0.881		 Lu
1.09		 Hf
1.16		 Ta
1.34		 W
1.47		 Re
1.60		 Os
1.65		 Ir
1.68		 Pt
1.72		 Au
1.92		 Hg
1.765		 Tl
1.789		 Pb
1.854		 Bi
2.01		 Po
2.19		 At
2.39		 Rn
2.60
7 Fr
0.67		 Ra
0.89
See also: Electronegativities of the elements (data page)
Close
More information Number, Symbol ...
NumberSymbolNameElectronegativity
1Hhydrogen2.300
2Hehelium4.160
3Lilithium0.912
4Beberyllium1.576
5Bboron2.051
6Ccarbon2.544
7Nnitrogen3.066
8Ooxygen3.610
9Ffluorine4.193
10Neneon4.787
11Nasodium0.869
12Mgmagnesium1.293
13Alaluminium1.613
14Sisilicon1.916
15Pphosphorus2.253
16Ssulfur2.589
17Clchlorine2.869
18Arargon3.242
19Kpotassium0.734
20Cacalcium1.034
21Scscandium1.19
22Tititanium1.38
23Vvanadium1.53
24Crchromium1.65
25Mnmanganese1.75
26Feiron1.80
27Cocobalt1.84
28Ninickel1.88
29Cucopper1.85
30Znzinc1.588
31Gagallium1.756
32Gegermanium1.994
33Asarsenic2.211
34Seselenium2.424
35Brbromine2.685
36Krkrypton2.966
37Rbrubidium0.706
38Srstrontium0.963
39Yyttrium1.12
40Zrzirconium1.32
41Nbniobium1.41
42Momolybdenum1.47
43Tctechnetium1.51
44Ruruthenium1.54
45Rhrhodium1.56
46Pdpalladium1.58
47Agsilver1.87
48Cdcadmium1.521
49Inindium1.656
50Sntin1.824
51Sbantimony1.984
52Tetellurium2.158
53Iiodine2.359
54Xexenon2.582
55Cscaesium0.659
56Babarium0.881
71Lulutetium1.09
72Hfhafnium1.16
73Tatantalum1.34
74Wtungsten1.47
75Rerhenium1.60
76Ososmium1.65
77Iriridium1.68
78Ptplatinum1.72
79Augold1.92
80Hgmercury1.765
81Tlthallium1.789
82Pblead1.854
83Bibismuth2.01
84Popolonium2.19
85Atastatine2.39
86Rnradon2.60
87Frfrancium0.67
88Raradium0.89
Close

Electronegativity (ReVEBE scale)

The values were published in 2026.[5][6]

More information Group →, ↓ Period ...
Electronegativity using the ReVEBE scale
Group → 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
↓ Period
1 H
2.30		 He
4.16
2 Li
0.91		 Be
1.58		 B
1.93		 C
2.36		 N
2.85		 O
3.14		 F
3.93		 Ne
4.79
3 Na
0.87		 Mg
1.29		 Al
1.54		 Si
1.83		 P
2.16		 S
2.31		 Cl
2.75		 Ar
3.24
4 K
0.73		 Ca
1.03		 Sc
1.20		 Ti
1.42		 V
1.64		 Cr
1.35		 Mn
2.08		 Fe
1.66		 Co
1.87		 Ni
1.92		 Cu
1.65		 Zn
1.59		 Ga
1.68		 Ge
1.88		 As
2.12		 Se
2.24		 Br
2.58		 Kr
2.94
5 Rb
0.71		 Sr
0.96		 Y
1.06		 Zr
1.27		 Nb
1.18		 Mo
1.41		 Tc
1.36		 Ru
1.41		 Rh
1.54		 Pd
1.41		 Ag
1.83		 Cd
1.52		 In
1.57		 Sn
1.73		 Sb
1.89		 Te
2.02		 I
2.26		 Xe
2.53
6 Cs
0.66		 Ba
0.88		 Lu
1.08		 Hf
1.19		 Ta
1.32		 W
1.45		 Re
1.53		 Os
1.55		 Ir
1.79		 Pt
1.58		 Au
1.81		 Hg
2.14		 Tl
1.72		 Pb
1.86		 Bi
1.87		 Po
2.19		 At
2.39		 Rn
2.60
7 Fr
0.69		 Ra
0.89

1 asterisk La
1.02		 Ce
1.04		 Pr
0.92		 Nd
0.95		 Pm
0.99		 Sm
1.03		 Eu
1.08		 Gd
1.06		 Tb
1.05		 Dy
1.09		 Ho
1.12		 Er
1.08		 Tm
1.11		 Yb
1.21
1 asterisk Ac
0.98		 Th
1.08
See also: Electronegativities of the elements (data page)
Close
More information Number, Symbol ...
Number Symbol Name Electronegativity
1 H hydrogen 2.30
2 He helium 4.16
3 Li lithium 0.91
4 Be beryllium 1.58
5 B boron 1.93
6 C carbon 2.36
7 N nitrogen 2.85
8 O oxygen 3.14
9 F fluorine 3.93
10 Ne neon 4.79
11 Na sodium 0.87
12 Mg magnesium 1.29
13 Al aluminium 1.54
14 Si silicon 1.83
15 P phosphorus 2.16
16 S sulfur 2.31
17 Cl chlorine 2.75
18 Ar argon 3.24
19 K potassium 0.73
20 Ca calcium 1.03
21 Sc scandium 1.20
22 Ti titanium 1.42
23 V vanadium 1.64
24 Cr chromium 1.35
25 Mn manganese 2.08
26 Fe iron 1.66
27 Co cobalt 1.87
28 Ni nickel 1.92
29 Cu copper 1.65
30 Zn zinc 1.59
31 Ga gallium 1.68
32 Ge germanium 1.88
33 As arsenic 2.12
34 Se selenium 2.24
35 Br bromine 2.58
36 Kr krypton 2.94
37 Rb rubidium 0.71
38 Sr strontium 0.96
39 Y yttrium 1.06
40 Zr zirconium 1.27
41 Nb niobium 1.18
42 Mo molybdenum 1.41
43 Tc technetium 1.36
44 Ru ruthenium 1.41
45 Rh rhodium 1.54
46 Pd palladium 1.41
47 Ag silver 1.83
48 Cd cadmium 1.52
49 In indium 1.57
50 Sn tin 1.73
51 Sb antimony 1.89
52 Te tellurium 2.02
53 I iodine 2.26
54 Xe xenon 2.53
55 Cs caesium 0.66
56 Ba barium 0.88
57 La lanthanum 1.02
58 Ce cerium 1.04
59 Pr praseodymium 0.92
60 Nd neodymium 0.95
61 Pm promethium 0.99
62 Sm samarium 1.03
63 Eu europium 1.08
64 Gd gadolinium 1.06
65 Tb terbium 1.05
66 Dy dysprosium 1.09
67 Ho holmium 1.12
68 Er erbium 1.08
69 Tm thulium 1.11
70 Yb ytterbium 1.21
71 Lu lutetium 1.08
72 Hf hafnium 1.19
73 Ta tantalum 1.32
74 W tungsten 1.45
75 Re rhenium 1.53
76 Os osmium 1.55
77 Ir iridium 1.79
78 Pt platinum 1.58
79 Au gold 1.81
80 Hg mercury 2.14
81 Tl thallium 1.72
82 Pb lead 1.86
83 Bi bismuth 1.87
84 Po polonium 2.19
85 At astatine 2.39
86 Rn radon 2.60
87 Fr francium 0.69
88 Ra radium 0.89
89 Ac actinium 0.98
90 Th thorium 1.08
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