Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture
Autonomous prefecture in Hubei, People's Republic of China
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Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture (Chinese: 恩施土家族苗族自治州; pinyin: Ēnshī Tǔjiāzú Miáozú Zìzhìzhōu) is located in the mountainous southwestern corner of Hubei province, People's Republic of China. It forms Hubei's southwestern "panhandle", bordering on Hunan in the south and Chongqing Municipality in the west and northwest. The Yangtze River crosses the prefecture's northeastern corner in Badong County.
Enshi Prefecture
恩施州 Enshih | |
|---|---|
恩施土家族苗族自治州
Enrshiv bifzivkar befkar zifzifzoux(Tujia) Entshil tutjadcul maolcul zibzhibzhoud(Miao) | |
Enshi Grand Canyon | |
.png) Location of Enshi Prefecture in Hubei | |
| Coordinates (Enshi Prefecture government): 30°16′19″N 109°29′17″E | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Hubei |
| Prefecture seat | Enshi City |
| Area | |
• Total | 24,061 km2 (9,290 sq mi) |
| Population (2010)[1] | |
• Total | 3,290,294 |
| • Density | 136.75/km2 (354.18/sq mi) |
| GDP[2] | |
| • Total | CN¥ 67.1 billion US$ 10.8 billion |
| • Per capita | CN¥ 20,191 US$ 3,242 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Postal code | 445000 |
| Area code | 0718 |
| ISO 3166 code | CN-HB-28 |
| Website | enshi |
| Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture | |||||||||
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| Chinese | 恩施土家族苗族自治州 | ||||||||
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| Former name | |||||||||
| Chinese | 施南 | ||||||||
| Postal | Shihnan | ||||||||
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Administrative divisions
There are two county-level cities:[1][3][4]
- Enshi City (恩施市), the prefectural seat
- Lichuan City (利川市)
There are six counties:
History
Imperial
"Endless green mountains to walk on, endless clear water going away" (by a poet of the Tang dynasty)[citation needed]
In 1735, Enshi came under direct rule after four hundred years of the tusi system; local chieftains were replaced by regular imperial officials.[5]
Republican
The Republic of China's Hubei provincial government was relocated to Enshi during the 1937-45 resistance war (against Japanese invasion and occupation).[citation needed]
The Roman Catholic Church had the Diocese of Shinan on the territory of today's Enshi Prefecture.
People's Republic of China
Badong County was the site of the Deng Yujiao incident.
Geography
Enshi Prefecture is located in the west end of Hubei Province, a mountainous belt separating Hubei's Jianghan Plain from the Sichuan Basin.
There are karst phenomena in the region. The most famous of them is perhaps the Tenglong Cave near Lichuan, a county-level city of Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture. A 290-meter deep karst sinkhole, located near the village of Luoquanyan (锣圈岩村) in Xuan'en County, is described as possessing its own unique ecosystem.[6][7]
The Enshi Grand Canyon is also a well-known scenic area.
Demographics
The total area is 24,000 square kilometres (9,300 sq mi), and the population is 3,800,000. 52.6% of the population belong to the Tujia and Miao nationalities. Enshi is the only autonomous prefecture in Hubei province.
Enshi is also the only part of Hubei which has been included in the Chinese government's Western exploration programme and over the next 5–10 years they will put 50 billion RMB into its development.[citation needed]
Transportation
The prefecture has only a small amount of Yangtze River frontage, but Badong, in the prefecture's northeast, has a Yangtze River port.
The Qing River in the central part of the prefecture, with its cascade of reservoirs, is an important waterway as well.
Due to the mountainous terrain, until recently the prefecture had no railways, and even the highways were of doubtful quality.[8]
_-_Tujia,_Enshi_Livery_-_CAN_(11028916024).jpg)
The Yichang−Wanzhou Railway, completed in December 2010, crosses the prefecture from east to west, providing a more direct connection between Hubei and Sichuan than was previously available.[9] In addition, the Chongqing−Lichuan Railway from the Lichuan Railway Station on the Yiwan line connects the cities. A single line now connects Enshi with Beijing and Wuhan as well as many additional cities. The train between Beijing and Enshi takes approximately 24 hours and includes many stops along the way.
The G42 Shanghai–Chengdu Expressway, routed along the same Yichang-Wanzhou corridor, was completed in 2014. Sidu River Bridge, part of the expressway, was at the time of its construction the world's highest bridge.[10]
Xujiaping Airport is the only airport in Enshi.
Economy
Enshi City has selenium deposits. Between 1930 and 1960, people in some villages reported symptoms of selenium poisoning, and Yutangba residents were evacuated after their livestock died. Later, selenium deposits were discovered near Yutangba and found to be highly enriched, unlike previously known deposits.[11][12][13] Selenium Square in the city is named after this rare element.
The countryside has a diverse range of flora and fauna, including many Chinese herbs. Much of the mountain landscape is covered in virgin forest and is home to pangolins.
Enshi locals are especially proud of their potato crops and consider the potato and tea crops to be the region's agricultural specialties.
Enshi Prefecture possesses significant hydroelectric resources. Among major hydroelectric dams already completed, or under construction, within the prefecture are:
- Shuibuya Dam, on the Qing River in Badong County — the tallest concrete face rock-fill dam in the world.
- Jiangpinghe Dam, on the Loushui River, near Jiangpingh Village, Zouma Town, Hefeng County.
- Dongping Dam, in Wanjia Township (万家乡), Xuan'en County
