Exoneura

These bees dig and occupy small nesting burrows within the pithy stems of plants, in which two or more adults may be found. They provision them with pollen and nectar on which they lay their eggs. The nest may contain many young at different stages of development.^[4]

The genus exhibits notable behavioural plasticity. Environmental factors that impact behaviour include nesting substrate, predation, parasitisation and resource availability.^[5] Substrate preferences have been shown to create localised nest aggregations. These affect behaviour such as task specialisation,^[5][6] which may be expressed altruistically as guarding behaviour.^[6][7]

See: List of Exoneura species