FASTKD2
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| FASTKD2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Aliases | FASTKD2, KIAA0971, FAST kinase domains 2, COXPD44 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| External IDs | OMIM: 612322; MGI: 1922869; HomoloGene: 8957; GeneCards: FASTKD2; OMA:FASTKD2 - orthologs | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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FAST kinase domain-containing protein 2 (FASTKD2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FASTKD2 gene on chromosome 2.[5][6] This protein is part of the FASTKD family, which is known for regulating the energy balance of mitochondria under stress. FASTKD2 has been implicated in mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, breast cancer, and prostate cancer.[7][8][9]
FASTKD2 shares structural characteristics of the FASTKD family, including a ~50-amino acid N-terminal mitochondrial targeting domain and three C-terminal domains: two FAST kinase-like domains (FAST_1 and FAST_2) and a RNA-binding domain (RAP).[7][8] The mitochondrial targeting domain directs FASTKD2 to be imported into the mitochondria. Though the functions of the C-terminal domains are unknown, RAP possibly binds RNA during trans-splicing.[7]
Function
As a member of the FASTKD family, FASTKD2 localizes to the inner mitochondrial membrane to modulate their energy balance, especially under conditions of stress.[7][8] Though ubiquitously expressed in all tissues, FASTKD2 appears more abundantly in skeletal muscle, heart muscle, and other tissues enriched in mitochondria.[7] Nonetheless, FASTKD2 has been observed to mediate apoptosis independent of import into the mitochondria, suggesting that it interacts with proteins on the outer mitochondrial membrane. This protein possibly contributes its proapoptotic function through a caspase-dependent pathway, by activating proapoptotic factors or inhibiting antiapoptotic factors, but the exact mechanism remain unclear.[8][9] FASTKD2 has also been validated as an RNA-binding protein.[10][11]