Fatima al-Samarqandi
12th-century Hanafi Islamic scholar
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Fatima bint Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Samarqandi (فاطمة بنت محمد بن أحمد السمرقندي), known as Fatima al-Samarqani, was a twelfth-century female Sunni Muslim Hanafi–Maturidi Scholar and Jurist.[1][2] She is widely regarded to be known as one of the most influential female figures in Islamic jurisprudence history. She was also a personal advisor of Nur al-Din Zengi, ruler of the Seljuk Empire of Syria.[3]
12th century CE (c. 500 AH)
Fatima al-Samarqandi فاطمة السمرقندي | |
|---|---|
| Official name | Fāṭimah bint Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad al-Samarqandī |
| Personal life | |
| Born | Fatima bint Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Samarqandi 12th century CE (c. 500 AH) |
| Died | 1185 CE (581 AH) |
| Resting place | Aleppo, Syria |
| Spouse | Al-Kasani |
| Era | Islamic Golden Age |
| Main interest(s) | Jurisprudence (Fiqh) |
| Occupation | |
| Religious life | |
| Religion | Islam |
| Denomination | Sunni |
| Jurisprudence | Hanafi |
| Creed | Maturidi |
| Muslim leader | |
Influenced by
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Biography
Early life
Fatima was born to Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Samarqandi, a preeminent Hanafi jurist who took active part in his daughter’s education. He authored the book Tuhfat al-Fuqaha'.[1]
Marriage and career
She married 'Ala' al-Din al-Kasani, a student of her father and an expert of fiqh. Fatima’s dowry was Al-Kasani’s book, Bada'i' al-Sana'i' (The Most Marvellous of Beneficial Things), a commentary that he wrote on her father’s book, Tuhfat al-Fuqaha'. Her father was so impressed by the book that he accepted it as her dowry on behalf of Ala over the kings that had asked for her hand and offered more.[4] When her husband had any doubts and erred in issuing a fatwa, she would inform him the correct judgment and explain the reason for the mistake.[5] Although al-Kasani was a competent jurist, Fatima corrected and edited his legal opinions.[1]
Fatima al-Samarqandi was a personal counselor of Nur ad-Din, the mentor of Saladin.[1]
Legacy
According to researcher Hoda Gamal, she is credited with establishing the tradition of setting up voluntary iftars for male fuqaha.[6]
