The parish of Fellingsbro is mentioned already in 1331 as Parochia Fælansbro, but the first parish church was probably built already in the 12th century. In the late 16th and early 17th centuries many small ironworks were built at the rivers that are running from north to south in the parish. The main product at these ironworks were bar iron. Most of the people were employed in this small scale iron industry and in the rather extensive farming up until the late 19th century when most of the ironworks were closed. Some of the ironworks were then transformed into paper mills.
In 1857 a railroad between Örebro and Arboga was built and a station in Fellingsbro was opened some kilometres east of the parish church. A new urban area with shops and small mechanical industries soon grew up around this railroad station. This urban area was called Fellingsbro after the name of the parish. It became a municipality of its own in 1911, but was again united with the rest of the parish in 1957 and in 1971 Fellingsbro Municipality was incorporated into Lindesberg Municipality.
Fellingsbro folkhögskola was established in 1915, but was rebuilt in 1976 after a fire burned down the original building.[4]
Notable natives of Fellingsbro include the textile artist Märtha Gahn.[5]
| Year | Inhabitants in Fellingsbro parish |
| 1700 |
4 802 |
| 1800 |
4 590 |
| 1850 |
6 383 |
| 1900 |
7 075 |
| 1950 |
5 575 (896 in the urban area) |
| 2008 |
3 691 (about 1485 in the urban area) |
|
