Five Star Direct Democracy

Five Star Direct Democracy^[1] was a European political alliance created ahead of the 2019 European Parliament election by the then deputy prime minister of Italy Luigi Di Maio, with the intent of forming a political group in the European Parliament.^[2] The alliance consisted of five political parties which shared a syncretic^[3][4][5] political ideology centered around direct democracy and anti-establishment^[6][7] rhetoric.^[8] The alliance won 15 seats from two countries (14 from Italy and 1 from Croatia), falling short of the 25 MEPs from seven member states required to form a political group in the European Parliament.