Flamma
Roman-Syrian gladiator
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Flamma (lit. The Flame) was a Syrian gladiator under the Roman Empire during the reign of Hadrian. He was one of the most famous and successful of his time.
History
How Flamma ended up as a gladiator is unknown. He may have been a revolutionary Syrian or a dissatisfied Roman auxiliary.[citation needed] He was most likely forced into slavery and then into a gladiator school. He fought as a secutor, a class of gladiators in Rome. His common opponents were thus retiarii. Fighters were granted retirement or freedom if they showed great skill and bravery; in doing so they were rewarded with a wooden baton known as rudius. Flamma was awarded the rudius, or wooden sword that granted freedom, four times; but, each time he refused this freedom and chose to remain a gladiator.[1][2] The number of fights Flamma engaged in is higher than most gladiators. Many have lower numbers like Purricina Iuvenus (ILS 5107) who fought 5 times or Glaucus of Modena (ILS 5121) who fought 7 times. Flamma had fought 34 times and won 21 of them.[3]
His gravestone in Sicily includes his record and reads in Latin:[4]
Flamma s[e]c(utor) vix(it) ann(os) XXX / pugna(vi)t XXXIIII vicit XXI / stans VIIII mis(sus) IIII nat(ione) Syrus / hui(c) Delicatus coarmio merenti fecit.
Which translates as: "Flamma, secutor, lived 30 years, fought 34 times, won 21 times, fought to a draw 9 times, won reprieve 4 times, a Syrian by nationality. Delicatus (a gladiator) made this for his deserving comrade-in-arms."
His gravestone is the only known source regarding his life and achievements, details of his death are unknown.