Florence Rabier

Rabier joined Météo-France as an undergraduate engineer in meteorology from the École nationale de la météorologie.^[1] After completing her undergraduate she joined the Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier University, where she earned a master's degree in meteorology.^[1] She moved to the University of Paris (Pierre and Marie Curie University) for her doctoral studies, where she researched variational assimilation of meteorological observations in the presence of baroclinic instabilities.^[2]

From 1992 to 1998, Rabier worked at the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF),^[3] where she developed four dimensional variational data assimilation methods for NWP.

In 2008 she returned to Météo-France, where she was head of the observations team and then, from 2011, deputy director of GMAP (Groupe de Modélisation pour l'Assimilation et la Prévision). She improved methods for assimilating satellite observations in NWP.^[4]

She worked on data from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI), an instrument on European meteorological satellites which provides information on atmospheric temperature and humidity profiles. IASI has been operating since 2007 and has considerably improved operational meteorology. During the International Polar Year (2007–2008) she participated in a field campaign over Antarctica.^[5]

Rabier moved back to the ECMWF in 2013, where she served as Director of Forecasts. In 2016 Rabier was appointed Director-General of ECMWF.^[4] She was Chair of the European Space Agency Advisory Committee on Earth Observations from 2021 to 2023.^[6] From 2021, she has been a member of the international scientific board of the IFAB (International Foundation for Artificial Intelligence and Big Data).^[7] In 2022, she was promoted to Ingenieur general de classe exceptionnelle.^[3]

• 1994 Prix Prudhomme
• 2014 Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur^[8]
• 2014 Académie de l'air et de l'espace Grand Prix de l'Académie
• 2022 Honorary Member American Meteorological Society^[9][10]
• 2024 French Academy of Technologies^[11]

• Rabier, F.; Järvinen, H.; Klinker, E.; Mahfouf, J.-F.; Simmons, A. (April 2000). "The ECMWF operational implementation of four-dimensional variational assimilation. I: Experimental results with simplified physics". Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 126 (564): 1143–1170. Bibcode:2000QJRMS.126.1143R. doi:10.1002/qj.49712656415.
• Rabier, F.; McNally, A.; Andersson, E.; Courtier, P.; Undén, P.; Eyre, J.; Hollingsworth, A.; Bouttier, F. (July 1998). "The ECMWF implementation of three-dimensional variational assimilation (3D-Var). II: Structure functions". Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 124 (550): 1809–1829. Bibcode:1998QJRMS.124.1809R. doi:10.1002/qj.49712455003.
• Klinker, E.; Rabier, F.; Kelly, G.; Mahfouf, J.-F. (April 2000). "The ecmwf operational implementation of four-dimensional variational assimilation. III: Experimental results and diagnostics with operational configuration". Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 126 (564): 1191–1215. Bibcode:2000QJRMS.126.1191K. doi:10.1002/qj.49712656417.
• Rabier, F.; Klinker, E.; Courtier, P.; Hollingsworth, A. (January 1996). "Sensitivity of forecast errors to initial conditions". Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 122 (529): 121–150. Bibcode:1996QJRMS.122..121R. doi:10.1002/qj.49712252906.
• Rabier, Florence; Fourrié, Nadia; Chafäi, Djalil; Prunet, Pascal (April 2002). "Channel selection methods for Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer radiances". Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 128 (581): 1011–1027. Bibcode:2002QJRMS.128.1011R. doi:10.1256/0035900021643638.
• Liu, Z.-Q.; Rabier, F. (October 2003). "The potential of high-density observations for numerical weather prediction: A study with simulated observations". Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. 129 (594): 3013–3035. Bibcode:2003QJRMS.129.3013L. doi:10.1256/qj.02.170.
• Rabier, Florence; Bouchard, Aurélie; Brun, Eric; Doerenbecher, Alexis; Guedj, Stéphanie; Guidard, Vincent; Karbou, Fatima; Peuch, Vincent-Henri; El Amraoui, Laaziz; Puech, Dominique; Genthon, Christophe; Picard, Ghislain; Town, Michael; Hertzog, Albert; Vial, François; Cocquerez, Philippe; Cohn, Stephen A.; Hock, Terry; Fox, Jack; Cole, Hal; Parsons, David; Powers, Jordan; Romberg, Keith; VanAndel, Joseph; Deshler, Terry; Mercer, Jennifer; Haase, Jennifer S.; Avallone, Linnea; Kalnajs, Lars; Mechoso, C. Roberto; Tangborn, Andrew; Pellegrini, Andrea; Frenot, Yves; Thépaut, Jean-Noël; McNally, Anthony; Balsamo, Gianpaolo; Steinle, Peter (January 2010). "The Concordiasi Project in Antarctica". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 91 (1): 69–86. Bibcode:2010BAMS...91...69R. doi:10.1175/2009BAMS2764.1.
• Venuti, Fabio; Rabier, Florence; Andersson, Erik; Modigliani, Umberto; English, Stephen; Kitchen, Christine; Berrone, Matthieu; Pinsault, Dorian; Debrux, Julie; Jarraud, Michel (June 2025). "ECMWF's societal impact through service provision, partnerships and collaborations". Journal of the European Meteorological Society. 2 100013. doi:10.1016/j.jemets.2025.100013.
• Magnusson, L.; Bidlot, J.-R.; Bonavita, M.; Brown, A. R.; Browne, P. A.; De Chiara, G.; Dahoui, M.; Lang, S. T. K.; McNally, T.; Mogensen, K. S.; Pappenberger, F.; Prates, F.; Rabier, F.; Richardson, D. S.; Vitart, F.; Malardel, S. (March 2019). "ECMWF Activities for Improved Hurricane Forecasts". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 100 (3): 445–458. Bibcode:2019BAMS..100..445M. doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0044.1.
• Ben Bouallègue, Zied; Clare, Mariana C. A.; Magnusson, Linus; Gascón, Estibaliz; Maier-Gerber, Michael; Janoušek, Martin; Rodwell, Mark; Pinault, Florian; Dramsch, Jesper S.; Lang, Simon T. K.; Raoult, Baudouin; Rabier, Florence; Chevallier, Matthieu; Sandu, Irina; Dueben, Peter; Chantry, Matthew; Pappenberger, Florian (June 2024). "The Rise of Data-Driven Weather Forecasting: A First Statistical Assessment of Machine Learning–Based Weather Forecasts in an Operational-Like Context". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 105 (6): E864–E883. arXiv:2307.10128. doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-23-0162.1.