Foreign relations of Panama

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Panama's foreign relations are conventional in outlook, with Panama being especially aligned with United States since the 1989 US invasion to topple the regime of General Manuel Noriega. The United States cooperates with the Panamanian government in promoting economic, political, security, and social development through U.S. and international agencies.

Diplomatic relations

List of countries which Panama maintains diplomatic relations with:

More information #, Country ...
#CountryDate[1][2]
1 United States13 November 1903
2 France18 November 1903
3 Russia21 November 1903
4 Peru18 December 1903[3]
5 Costa Rica29 December 1903
6 Japan7 January 1904[4]
7 Italy15 January 1904
— Venezuela (suspended)[5]3 February 1904
8 Chile1 March 1904
9 Mexico1 March 1904[6][7]
10 Brazil2 March 1904[8]
11  Switzerland6 April 1904
12 Cuba7 April 1904
13 Netherlands20 April 1904
14 Spain10 May 1904
15 Portugal21 May 1904
16 Uruguay28 October 1904
17 Honduras18 September 1907
18 Belgium15 February 1908
19 United Kingdom9 April 1908
20 Ecuador1 September 1908
21 El Salvador9 March 1909
22 Argentina5 November 1920
— Holy See21 September 1923
23 Colombia9 July 1924
24 Czech Republic25 March 1929[9]
25 Guatemala25 January 1935[10]
26 Dominican Republic17 March 1937
27 Denmark30 June 1937
28 Sweden3 July 1937
29 Norway31 July 1937
30 Nicaragua13 December 1938
31 Bolivia26 August 1942[11]
32 Paraguay31 October 1942
33 Haiti11 October 1945
34 Lebanon30 April 1946
35 Israel 18 June 1948[12][13]
— Sovereign Military Order of Malta2 August 1948
36 Turkey21 September 1950[14]
37 Germany17 December 1951
38 Serbia26 March 1953
39 Austria18 October 1955
40 Greece5 September 1956[15]
41 Egypt21 February 1958
42 Madagascar20 September 1960[16]
43 Canada11 August 1961
44 India1 July 1962
45 South Korea30 September 1962
46 Jamaica29 July 1966[17]
47 Ethiopia17 August 1967
48 Pakistan7 November 1967
49 Cyprus1 April 1971
50 Romania5 October 1971
51 Algeria9 February 1973
52 Guyana16 March 1973
53 Libya21 March 1973[18]
54 Bulgaria29 March 1973
55 Guinea29 March 1973
56 Poland15 August 1973
57 Philippines28 September 1973
58 Guinea-Bissau16 October 1973
59 Australia20 February 1974
60 Grenada18 November 1974
61 Iran7 January 1975
62 Hungary5 August 1975
63 Vietnam28 August 1975
64 Syria17 February 1976
65 Finland19 February 1976
66 Malta19 February 1976
67 Sri Lanka8 March 1976
68 Kuwait23 March 1976
69 Iraq8 June 1976
70 Morocco15 February 1977
71 Albania20 August 1978
72 Indonesia27 March 1979
73 Suriname1 May 1979
— Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (suspended)[19]1 June 1979
74 Equatorial Guinea13 May 1981
75 Belize1 December 1981
76 Myanmar15 July 1982
77 Singapore6 August 1982
78 Barbados20 August 1982[20]
79 Thailand20 August 1982
80   Nepal15 February 1984
81 Bangladesh 5 June 1984[21]
82 Cameroon 14 August 1984[22]
83 Luxembourg12 November 1985
84 Senegal27 October 1987
85 Sudan13 September 1988
86 Bahrain 27 April 1989
87 Angola16 February 1989
88 Maldives19 February 1989
89 Ghana24 February 1989
90 Bahamas1 May 1991
91 Lithuania19 November 1992
92 Saint Kitts and Nevis19 November 1992
93 Moldova15 February 1993
94 Slovakia15 February 1993
95 United Arab Emirates9 March 1993
96 New Zealand22 March 1993
97 Seychelles21 May 1993
98 Ukraine21 May 1993
99 Malaysia24 July 1993
100 Jordan7 February 1994
101 Oman25 February 1994
102 Latvia22 March 1994
103 Trinidad and Tobago24 May 1994
104 South Africa10 January 1995
105 Estonia13 January 1995
106 Azerbaijan6 April 1995
107 Slovenia10 May 1995
108 Saint Lucia10 July 1995
109 Kazakhstan28 July 1995
110 Cambodia15 February 1996
111 Brunei28 March 1996
112 Papua New Guinea3 May 1996
113 Croatia12 July 1996
114 Andorra16 July 1996
115 Antigua and Barbuda27 September 1996
116 Armenia7 August 1998
117 Belarus22 October 1998
118 Georgia18 November 1998
119 Iceland4 June 1999
120 Nigeria12 February 2001
121 Ireland14 February 2001
122 Qatar8 February 2002
123 North Macedonia18 April 2002
124 NamibiaApril 2002[23]
125 Afghanistan3 May 2002
126 San Marino22 January 2004
127 Bosnia and Herzegovina14 July 2004
128 Benin20 September 2005
129 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines17 July 2006
130 Tunisia15 June 2007
131 Montenegro9 May 2008
132 Botswana15 December 2009
133 Djibouti15 December 2009
134 Monaco22 November 2010
135 Burkina Faso29 July 2011
136 Liechtenstein3 January 2012
137 Mongolia17 January 2012
138 Dominica13 March 2012
139 Palau18 April 2012
140 Solomon Islands11 September 2012
141 Fiji9 November 2012
— Kosovo28 August 2013[24]
142 Saudi Arabia14 January 2015
143 Turkmenistan24 July 2015
144 Ivory Coast29 April 2016
145 China12 June 2017
146 Tajikistan 26 May 2018[25]
147 Togo26 March 2019
148 Kenya26 September 2019
149 Cape Verde9 April 2021[26]
150 Laos9 September 2021
151 Kyrgyzstan24 September 2021
152 Uzbekistan 29 November 2021
153 Timor-Leste20 September 2022[27]
154 Federated States of Micronesia 20 September 2022[28]
155 Mauritania 22 September 2022
156 Rwanda 18 September 2023
157 Uganda 22 September 2023[29]
158 Vanuatu 21 November 2023
159 Zimbabwe 28 December 2023
160 Kiribati 30 January 2024
— Cook Islands 8 March 2024[30]
161 Marshall Islands 23 September 2024
162 Zambia 24 September 2024
163 Somalia 20 January 2025[31]
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Bilateral relations

More information Country, Formal Relations Began ...
Country Formal Relations Began Notes
Canada11 August 1961[1]See Canada–Panama relations
China2 January 1909[1]See China–Panama relations and Panama–Taiwan relations.

Panama established a diplomatic relationship with the Qing dynasty in 1909. After the Xinhai Revolution, Panama recognized the establishment of the Republic of China (ROC), and retained diplomatic ties with the ROC until 2017. According to diplomatic cables published by WikiLeaks, in 2009, after President Ricardo Martinelli took office, Panama wished to switch diplomatic relations from the ROC to the People's Republic of China (PRC).[34] This was rejected by the PRC, which did not want to disrupt its improving diplomatic relations with the ROC during the ROC Presidency of Ma Ying-jeou.[34]

On June 12, 2017, President Juan Carlos Varela announced that Panama has established a diplomatic relationship with People's Republic of China, and Panama has severed diplomatic relationship with the Republic of China (Taiwan).[35]

Chile1 March 1908[1]
Colombia9 July 1924See Colombia–Panama relations
Costa Rica29 December 1903See Costa Rica–Panama relations
  • Panama has an embassy in San José.
  • Costa Rica has an embassy in Panama City and a consulate in David.
India1 June 1962[1]See India–Panama relations

Panama is the first country in Central America where India established a resident embassy in 1973. Bilateral commercial and trade relations are steadily growing between India and Panama, with Panama seen as the gateway for expansion into Latin America.[38]

Kosovo27 August 2013[42]

Panama officially recognised the independence of the Republic of Kosovo on 16 January 2009.[43] Kosovo and Panama established diplomatic relations on 27 August 2013, following the establishment of diplomatic relations Kosovo announced it would be opening an embassy in Panama and that this embassy would be Kosovo's 'gateway to Latin America'.[44]

Kosovo has an embassy in Panama City.[45] Both countries enjoy excellent relationships.

Mexico29 May 1923[1]See Mexico–Panama relations
  • Mexico has an embassy in Panama City.[46]
  • Panama has an embassy in Mexico City and a consulate-general in Veracruz City.[47]
Peru2 March 1908
Main article: Panama–Peru relations
  • Panama has an embassy in Lima.
  • Peru has an embassy in Panama City.
Russia21 November 1903[1]See Panama–Russia relations
  • Panama has an embassy in Moscow.[48]
  • Russia has an embassy in Panama city.[49]
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic1 June 1979[1]See Panama–Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic relations

Panama was the first Latin American country on recognizing the SADR in 1978, during the military rule of Omar Torrijos.[50] Panama also has the oldest Sahrawi embassy in Latin America. Relations were suspended from 20 November 2013 to 7 January 2016;.[51]

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines2006[1]
Serbia1953[1]
  • Both countries have established diplomatic relations in 1953.[53]
  • A number of bilateral agreements have been concluded and are in force between both countries.[54]
South Africa1995[1]
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 January 1995.[1][55]
  • Panama has an embassy Pretoria.
  • South Africa is accredited to Panama from its embassy in Lima, Peru.[55]
South Korea30 September 1962[1]See Panama–South Korea relations

Both countries established diplomatic relations on Sep 30, 1962.

  • Panama has an embassy in Seoul.[56]
  • South Korea has an embassy in Panama City.[57][58][59]
Spain10 May 1904[1]See Panama–Spain relations
Thailand20 August 1982
  • Both countries established diplomatic relations on 20 August 1982.[1][55]
  • Panama has an embassy in Bangkok.
  • Thailand is accredited to Panama from its embassy in Santiago, Chile.[55]
Turkey21 September 1950See Panama–Turkey relations
  • Panama has an embassy in Ankara.[62]
  • Turkey has an embassy in Panama.[62]
  • Trade volume between the two countries was US$260.9 million in 2019 (Panamanian exports/imports: 12.1/248.8 million USD).[62]
United Kingdom9 April 1908See Panama–United Kingdom relations
Panamanian President Juan Carlos Varela with British Prime Minister Theresa May in 10 Downing Street, May 2018.

The UK established diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom on 9 April 1908.

  • Panama maintains an embassy in London.[63]
  • The United Kingdom is accredited to Panama from its embassy in Panama City.[64]

Both countries share common membership of the United Nations, the World Health Organization, and the World Trade Organization, as well as the Central America–United Kingdom Association Agreement.[65] Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Convention,[66] and an Investment Agreement.[67]

United States13 November 1903
3 April 1964[1]		See Panama–United States relations

The United States cooperates with the Panamanian government in promoting economic, political, security, and social development through U.S. and international agencies. Cultural ties between the two countries are strong, and many Panamanians go to the United States for higher education and advanced training. In 2007, the U.S. and Panama partnered to launch a regional health worker training center. The center provides training to community healthcare workers in Panama and throughout Central America. About 25,000 American citizens reside in Panama, many retirees from the Panama Canal Commission and individuals who hold dual nationality. There is also a rapidly growing enclave of American retirees in the Chiriqui Province in western Panama.

Uruguay28 October 1904See Panama–Uruguay relations
  • Panama has an embassy in Montevideo.
  • Uruguay has an embassy in Panama City.
Venezuela 1717

Severed Relations in 2024

 See Panama–Venezuela relations
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See also

References

Further reading

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