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Former Presidential Palace of Kantari

Villa / former presidential residence in Beirut, Lebanon From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Former Presidential Palace of Kantari, also known as Qasr Hanna Heneiné (Arabic: قصر حنا حنينة), is a late 19th-century mansion in the Kantari neighborhood of Beirut, Lebanon. From 1943 to 1958 it served as the residence and seat of the first two presidents of independent Lebanon, Bechara El Khoury and Camille Chamoun, making it Lebanon's first presidential palace, before the presidency relocated to Baabda.[1][2][3]

Alternative names
Qasr Hanna Heneiné, Hanna Heneine Palace, Independence Palace, Beit al-Mustaqbal
Arabic: قصر حنا حنينة, قصر الاستقلال, بيت المستقبل
TypeVilla / former presidential residence
Architectural style
Late Ottoman-period Beirut villa
LocationKantari, Beirut, Lebanon
Quick facts Alternative names, General information ...
Former Presidential Palace of Kantari
القصر الجمهوري السابق في القنطاري
Interactive map of the Former Presidential Palace of Kantari area
Alternative names
Qasr Hanna Heneiné, Hanna Heneine Palace, Independence Palace, Beit al-Mustaqbal
Arabic: قصر حنا حنينة, قصر الاستقلال, بيت المستقبل
General information
TypeVilla / former presidential residence
Architectural style
Late Ottoman-period Beirut villa
LocationKantari, Beirut, Lebanon
Coordinates33.895422°N 35.495603°E / 33.895422; 35.495603
Completed
1885
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Location

The building stands at the corner of Rue Michel Chiha and Rue Abdel-Kader in the Kantari neighborhood of the Minet el-Hosn quarter of Beirut.[1]

History

Construction and early ownership

According to the architectural historian Ralph Bodenstein, family tradition holds that the house was built in 1885 by Hanna Heneiné, uncle of a better-known local doctor, Joseph Heneiné, on land the Heneiné family (a Maronite family in Beirut) had acquired in the area.[1][a] Around 1910 the house passed to Derviche Y. Haddad, a Beirut building contractor and building-materials merchant, and later to his daughter Renée Haddad by inheritance; she was married to Fouad Khalil El Khoury, an architect and business partner of her father. The initials of the two men most associated with this period, Hanna Heneiné and Derviche Haddad, were visible on the estate's garden gates.[1] The AUB guide corroborates the Haddad ownership, giving 1929 as the year Darwish Yousef Haddad owned the property, and states the El Khoury family acquired it in 1936.[4] For much of the early twentieth century the building was occupied by various relatives and tenants, including Dr. Joseph Heneiné's family until 1936. From the late 1930s, Bechara Khalil El Khoury occupied the upper floor while Tannous Haddad occupied the ground floor.[1]

Presidential residence (1943–1958)

When Bechara El Khoury became the first president of independent Lebanon in 1943, he took over the whole house as his presidential seat and residence.[1][2] His successor, Camille Chamoun (president 1952–1958), continued to use the building, having rented it from the El Khoury family.[1][2] Chamoun reportedly came to regard renting the presidential residence as inappropriate for a head of state, and had a new palace built on a hillside in Baabda, completed in 1956.[5] The move away from Kantari was not immediate; the presidency used residences in Sin el-Fil and Jounieh before the Baabda Palace became its permanent, purpose-built seat under President Charles Helou in the 1960s.[3][2]

Later use

Sources differ on when the El Khoury family's ownership ended: Bodenstein gives 1986, while the AUB guide states the house was bought by Rafic Hariri in 1985.[1][4] Michel El Khoury, son of President Bechara El Khoury, lived in the building during the 1960s and 1970s.[1] Hariri subsequently had the building renovated to house the headquarters of the Future Movement, and the palace became known as Beit al-Mustaqbal (House of the Future).[2] Bodenstein, writing in 2012, describes the building as then serving as an administrative building for the broadcaster Future TV.[1]

Architecture

The only detailed architectural survey of the building's interior is Bodenstein's 2012 study, based on plans and site visits; no other published source describes its layout in comparable depth.[1]

The house is built as a north-facing central-hall house of two residential storeys under a hipped tile roof, over a vaulted ground floor that, unlike in many comparable Beirut houses of the period, was used only for storage and utility purposes rather than as a kitchen.[1] The two upper floors are reached differently: the lower of the two (the first upper floor) has a formal, double-flight open staircase rising from the north façade into a vestibule and the central hall, while the second upper floor is reached instead by a fully enclosed staircase on the building's east side. A further stair at the southeast corner serves the utility wings of both floors; Bodenstein considers this a later addition, probably dating to the building's conversion into a presidential palace, since a 1930s cadastral plan shows only a narrow external stair serving the first floor's utility area alone.[6] The best-documented floor, the second upper storey, has a rectangular central hall oriented north–south, closed at its north end by a front hall and at its south end by a liwan, recorded in later, twentieth-century plans as a "living room", that projects outward from the building's otherwise cubic massing as a risalit. Both spaces are separated from the central hall by open, triple-arched screens. For a house of the mid-1880s, Bodenstein regards this plan as relatively conventional, and notably more conservative than contemporary houses built for the Sursock and Tuéni families.[7]

Because of the building's width, the side halls flanking the central hall on its north side run transverse to the hall's main axis; each opens onto the central hall but not onto the front hall, leaving the latter more secluded than was typical for the period. One side hall connects, on its east side, to the enclosed staircase and, beyond that, to a utility wing of pantry, servant's room, toilet, and kitchen. The other side hall, by contrast, has its own independent entrance from outside the building, a detail Bodenstein suggests may indicate it originally served as the main reception room (manzul), though the same arrangement would be equally compatible with continuous use as a dining room.[8] West of the liwan, a narrow corridor (rather than a further room, as on the east side) leads to what twentieth-century plans record as two bedrooms and a dressing room; Bodenstein suggests the arrangement may originally have comprised three separate bedrooms, showing an early move toward more clearly separated sleeping quarters that became increasingly common in Beirut housing of the following decades. A small arched loggia on the building's west side, of a kind already found in large Beirut houses of the 1850s–60s, originally caught the westerly night breeze for the bedroom wing; it was later converted into a bathroom during the French Mandate period.[9]

See also

Notes

  1. Sources disagree on the exact construction date: Bodenstein (2012) dates the house to 1885, while the American University of Beirut's Beirut's Heritage Buildings guide gives 1870.[1][4]

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