Fourth battle of Dongola

In the year 1287, Sultan Qalawun decided to invade the Kingdom of Makuria and annex it to the Mamluk state militarily, after it had been politically dependent since it was conquered by the Mamluk forces during the reign of Sultan Baybars in the Battle of Dongola (1276).^[2][1][4][3]

Qalawun entrusted the task of commanding the army to Izz al-Din al-Kawrani, whom he trusted in his military ability. Qalawun informed al-Kawrani of the importance of this campaign. The Mamluk army moved towards Makuria divided into 3 parts, led by al-Kawrano, Izz al-Din Aidmar, and Sanjar al-Masruri.^[1][2][4][3]

When the Mamluks reached the first border of Makuria, all Makurian forces withdrew from it. The Makurian forces kept retreating until the Mamluk army reached Dongola, the Makurian capital. There, a violent battle took place between the Mamluks and the Makurians, which ended in a Mamluk victory. King Samamun of Makuria fled to the far south of Nubia, and the Mamluks appointed his nephew as governor of Makuria under the suzerainty of the Mamluk Sultanate. A garrison was left in Dongola to preserve Mamluk rule.^[1][2][4][3]