Fumarate reductase
Enzyme converting fumarate to succinate
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Fumarate reductase is the enzyme that converts fumarate to succinate, and is important in microbial metabolism as a part of anaerobic respiration.[1] The catalyzed reaction is:
- succinate + acceptor ↔ fumarate + reduced acceptor
Fumarate reductases can be divided into three classes depending on the electron acceptor:
- The enzyme is monomeric and soluble, and can reduce fumarate independently from the electron transport chain.[2] Fumarate reductase is absent from all mammalian cells.
- Fumarate reductase (CoM/CoB) (EC 1.3.4.1):
- This enzyme is present in most methanogenic archea. It is cytoplasmic and uses coenzymes M and B as hydrogen donors.[3]
- Fumarate reductase (quinol) (EC 1.3.5.1)
- The membrane-bound enzyme covalently linked to flavin cofactors, which is composed of 3 or 4 subunits, transfers electrons from a quinol to fumarate. This class of enzyme is thus involved in the production of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation.[1]