G:link

Light rail system on the Gold Coast, Australia From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

G:link (also known as the Gold Coast Light Rail or the Gold Coast tram) is a light rail system serving the Gold Coast in Queensland, Australia. The system forms part of Translink's South East Queensland public transport network and consists of a single 20 km (12 mi) line of nineteen stations. It is the sole light rail system in Queensland.

LocaleGold Coast, Queensland, Australia
Transit typeLight Rail
Number of lines1
Quick facts Overview, Owner ...
G:link
A Flexity 2 leaving Broadwater Parklands in 2014
A Flexity 2 leaving Broadwater Parklands in 2014
Overview
OwnerTranslink
LocaleGold Coast, Queensland, Australia
Transit typeLight Rail
Number of lines1
Number of stations19 (27 after stage 3 completion)
Annual ridership10.74 million (2018/19)
Chief executivePhil Mumford
HeadquartersSouthport
Websitewww.ridetheg.com.au
Operation
Began operation20 July 2014
Operator(s)Keolis Australia
Number of vehicles23 Bombardier/Alstom Flexity 2 trams
Train length43.5 m (143 ft)
Headway7–30 minutes
Technical
System length20 km (12 mi) (26 km (16 mi) after stage 3 completion)
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+12 in) standard gauge
Electrification750 V DC overhead catenary
Average speed27 km/h (17 mph)
Top speed70 km/h (43 mph)
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Helensvale railway station is the northern terminus of the system, while Broadbeach South serves as the southern terminus. The line initially opened on 20 July 2014 and was subsequently extended northwest from Gold Coast University Hospital to Helensvale on 17 December 2017.

Background

The Gold Coast is one of the fastest-growing regions in Australia, with an annual population growth of 2–3%.[1] The project was first proposed in the Gold Coast City Council Transport Plan 1996 after some years of consideration and review. In 2002, the Queensland and Federal Governments each contributed $650,000 to fund the Gold Coast Light Rail Feasibility Study.[2][3] In 2004, the draft summary report was released.[4]

History

Stage 1

View of the line from the Q1 building

In 2009, the Queensland Government committed $464 million to the Gold Coast Rapid Transit (GCRT) project, supplementing $365 million committed by the Federal Government and $120 million provided by Gold Coast City Council.[5]

In June 2011, the GoldLinq consortium comprising Bombardier Transportation, Downer EDI, Keolis, McConnell Dowell and Plenary Group was awarded the contract to build and operate the Gold Coast light rail line for 18 years under a Public Private Partnership.[6][7][8]

In August 2012, the cost of the initial 13 km (8.1 mi) section was estimated at $1.6 billion.[9] Construction began on the Gold Coast University Hospital station shell in July 2010.[10] In late 2010, early roadworks began in Broadbeach and Southport.[11]

By November 2013, much of the work was complete with the southern section at Broadbeach being the only section of trackwork to be completed. Testing commenced on the northern section of the line in October 2013. The line opened on 20 July 2014, with a free travel day, before normal operations began on 21 July.[12][13][14]

The system had a significant impact on property both directly and indirectly in the corridor. A total of $170 million was allocated for property resumptions. The Queens Park Tennis Club and Southport Croquet Club were both relocated.[15]

Stage 2

An underground, side platform station with few passengers visible on the platform.
Gold Coast University Hospital, the original northern terminus and the only underground station in the system.

After the successful opening and operations of Stage 1, the Queensland Government announced in February 2016 plans to extend the light rail line from the University Hospital to the Helensvale railway station, providing a connection with the Gold Coast railway line that connects the city with Brisbane, the state capital of Queensland. Financial commitment from the state and federal governments needed to progress with the extension was finalised in late 2016. The new extension includes 7.3 km (4.5 mi) tracks and 3 new light rail stations, with Helensvale being the new northern terminus for the line. Construction commenced in 2016[16] with plans to be completed in time for the 2018 Gold Coast Commonwealth Games in April 2018. Construction finished early, ahead of schedule with passenger services commencing in December 2017.

Stage 3

Flythrough animation of stage 3

The Queensland Government, in conjunction with the Gold Coast City Council and the federal government, announced the plan to extend the light rail line 6.4 km (4.0 mi) south, from the existing Broadbeach South station to Burleigh Heads back in 2018 with the original completion date to be in 2024. Due to funding disputes among the three levels of government, the COVID-19 pandemic along with rising construction costs in recent years, the project kept getting delayed. In February 2020, three parties were short-listed to build the extension:[17]

It was announced in October 2020 that John Holland had won the contract,[18] with the state government releasing a statement in 2021 saying that the agreement will see the construction consortium undertake detailed construction planning and start establishing a site presence along the 6.7-kilometre (4.2 mi) corridor.[1]

In July 2022 construction formally started with water, sewerage and gas infrastructure upgrades and relocation on the Gold Coast Highway between Broadbeach and Nobby Beach.[3] Major construction including earthworks and construction of the tracks commenced in 2023, with the project now expected to be operational by mid-2026.[19]

Planned stations

There will be 8 new stations, all built with the same design as the first two stages, however, there are no park'n'ride facilities like there were in stage 2. All stations on the extension configured as a central platform station, meaning that both north and southbound platforms are located in the middle, with tracks on either side. With signalised pedestrian crossing and all exits are wheelchair accessible.[20] As of late 2022, construction has started on stage 3 and is expected to be completed by 2030.

The new extension will begin from the current southern terminus, Broadbeach South travelling on the median strip of the Gold Coast Highway for the whole way south to Burleigh Heads. The 6.7 km (4.2 mi) extension will pass through Mermaid Beach, Nobby's Beach, Miami and Burleigh Heads[7] with the hopes of creating better connectivity, reducing congestion and improving travel times.[8]

Route

There are nineteen stations on the line. The northern terminus is located in Helensvale, before continuing on into two stations in Parkwood, from there it goes through seven stations in Southport, following past the Gold Coast University Hospital and Southport CBD, it then turns south through Main Beach, before continuing onto Surfers Paradise Boulevard for a further six stations, before heading onto Gold Coast Highway for two in Broadbeach, where it terminates. The planned stage 3 extension will continue down the Gold Coast Highway, through Mermaid Beach, Miami, and Burleigh Heads, where the new southern terminus will be.

All but one of the stations is street-level open-air structures with passenger canopies on the platforms. The Gold Coast University Hospital station is underground. Eleven stations have side platforms and eight have island platforms. Eight of the stations have kiosks on the platforms. Seven stations offer transfers to bus services and Helensvale also offers transfers to train services. Two of the stations have free park & ride lots with a total of 1,400 new parking spaces.[21][22] The most heavily trafficked station is Cavill Avenue, with an average of 4,729 daily passengers in February 2016.[23]

Rolling stock

A Bombardier Flexity 2
Interior

The Gold Coast Rapid Transit fleet consists of 23 Bombardier Flexity 2 trams built in Germany.[24] The trams feature low floors and have dedicated spaces for wheelchairs, prams and surfboards.[25] They have a top speed of 70 km/h (43 mph) and room for 309 passengers with seating for 80.[26] Fourteen trams were ordered to serve the original section of the line. Four additional trams were ordered in November 2015 to service the Helensvale extension.[27] These were delivered in September and October 2017.[28] A further five trams built in Alstom's Wien Donaustadt plant in Austria were delivered from July 2023 as part of the Burleigh Heads extension, entering service in July 2024.[29][30]

Infrastructure

The system primarily operates in a centre-running configuration. It uses standard gauge tracks with 750 V DC overhead catenary. Third rail technology was investigated,[31] though power from overhead lines was ultimately utilised.

Stations

Twenty-six of the stations are street-level open-air structures featuring passenger canopies, and one is underground. Eleven stations have side platforms and sixteen have an island platform. Nine stations offer transfers to Translink bus services. Park & ride facilities are also available at Helensvale and Parkwood stations: during the construction of Stage 2, 1000 car park spaces were built at the new Parkwood station, while 400 new car park spaces were built at Helensvale, in addition to the 877 existing spaces there.[32]

Key
Bus interchange Transfer station to Translink bus services
Bus interchangeMainline rail interchange Transfer station to Translink bus services and to the Gold Coast railway line
More information Station, Image ...
Station Image Suburb Opened Grade Platform layout Time[a][33] Refs.
HelensvaleBus interchangeMainline rail interchange
Helensvale 17 December 2017 Street-level Island 0 [34]
Parkwood
Parkwood 17 December 2017 Street-level Side 4 [35]
Parkwood East
Parkwood 17 December 2017 Street-level Island 7 [36]
Gold Coast University HospitalBus interchange
Southport 20 July 2014 Underground Side 11 [37]
Griffith UniversityBus interchange
Southport 20 July 2014 Street-level Side 13 [38]
Queen Street
Southport 20 July 2014 Street-level Island 16 [39]
Nerang Street
Southport 20 July 2014 Street-level Side 19 [40]
Southport Bus interchange
Southport 20 July 2014 Street-level Side 21 [41]
Southport South Bus interchange
Southport 20 July 2014 Street-level Island 23 [42]
Broadwater Parklands
Southport 20 July 2014 Street-level Island 24 [43]
Main Beach
Main Beach 20 July 2014 Street-level Island 26 [44]
Surfers Paradise NorthBus interchange
Surfers Paradise 20 July 2014 Street-level Side 29 [45]
Cypress AvenueBus interchange
Surfers Paradise 20 July 2014 Street-level Side 31 [46]
Cavill Avenue
Surfers Paradise 20 July 2014 Street-level Side 34 [47]
Surfers Paradise
Surfers Paradise 20 July 2014 Street-level Side 36 [48]
Northcliffe
Surfers Paradise 20 July 2014 Street-level Side 38 [49]
Florida Gardens
Surfers Paradise 20 July 2014 Street-level Island 40 [50]
Broadbeach North
Broadbeach 20 July 2014 Street-level Island 42 [51]
Broadbeach SouthBus interchange
Broadbeach 20 July 2014 Street-level Side 45 [52]
Mermaid Beach Mermaid Beach Mid-2026 Street-level Island [53]
Mermaid Beach South Mermaid Beach Mid-2026 Street-level Island [53]
Nobby Beach Mermaid Beach Mid-2026 Street-level Island [53]
Miami North Miami Mid-2026 Street-level Island [53]
Miami Miami Mid-2026 Street-level Island [53]
Christine AvenueBus interchange Miami Mid-2026 Street-level Island [53]
Second Avenue Burleigh Burleigh Heads Mid-2026 Street-level Island [53]
Burleigh HeadsBus interchange Burleigh Heads Mid-2026 Street-level Island [53]
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Operation

Services are operated by Keolis Australia, a subsidiary of French transport company Keolis. Fares are set by Translink with all stations fitted with go card readers.[54] A 50 cent flat rate across all zones applies.[55] All G:link stations are located within zone 5.

Service frequencies (in minutes) from 17 December 2017:[56]

More information Weekdays, Weekends ...
WeekdaysWeekends
00:00 to 05:00 Closed 30†
05:00 to 07:00 15 15
07:00 to 19:00 7.5 10
19:00 to 23:30 15 15
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No service between Helensvale station and Gold Coast University Hospital

On Monday to Friday mornings (midnight to 5 am), light rail services are replaced on most of the routes by Kinetic Group route 700.[57] These buses do not service the section between Helensvale station and Gold Coast University Hospital.[56]

Patronage

Over 1.74 million passengers used the Gold Coast Light Rail in its first 100 days after opening. More than five million paid trips were made in the first nine months of operation.[58] 6.6 million passengers were carried on the line in its first year, and total public transport users on the Gold Coast - across buses and trams - increased by 25 per cent.[59][60] In February 2016 the Queensland Government announced the ten million passenger milestone had been reached and noted that Cavill Avenue was the busiest station with 4,729 boardings a day.[61]

The following table lists patronage figures for the network during the corresponding financial year. Australia's financial years start on 1 July and end on 30 June. Major events that affected the number of journeys made or how patronage is measured are included as notes.

More information Year, Patronage (millions) ...
G:link patronage by financial year
Year 2014–152015–162016–172017–182018–192019–202020–212021–222022–232023–242024-25
Patronage
(millions)
6.28
[b]
7.687.979.49
[c][d]
10.748.46
[e]
6.12
[f]
6.34
[g]
10.3911.2113.83
Reference [62] [63] [64] [65] [66] [67] [68] [69] [70] [71] [72]
Patronage (millions)Financial year036912152014-152017-182020-212023-24Patronage (millions)G:link Patronage
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2018–19 transport patronage in Gold Coast by mode
  1. Bus (46.0%)
  2. Light rail (35.0%)
  3. Heavy rail (19.0%)
Bus 14000000[73]
Light rail 10740000[74]
Heavy rail 5800000[75]
  1. The travel time in minutes from Helensvale, the northern terminus of the system.
  2. G:link system opened in July 2014.
  3. Helensvale extension opened in December 2017.
  4. Commonwealth Games held in April 2018.
  5. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, travel restriction were introduced in March 2020.
  6. Patronage numbers heavily affected by COVID-19 pandemic travel restrictions.
  7. Patronage numbers heavily affected by COVID-19 pandemic travel restrictions.

Potential extensions

Besides Stages 3, the Gold Coast City Council envisions an extensive light rail network that would potentially consist of 68 km (42 mi) of track and 4 light rail lines as outlined in the City Transport Strategy 2031.[76]

The Gold Coast City Council's 2031 transport plan included proposed extensions to Biggera Waters, Bundall, Nerang and a branch line from Main Beach to The Spit.[77][78] The line is expected to cost around $200 million and would be paid for by developers and would be around 2.6 km (1.6 mi) long.[79] Other proposals to Robina and Varsity Lakes were mentioned in the Gold Coast City Council's Light Rail southern Gold Coast publication.[80]

On 19 February 2019, Tweed Heads MP Geoff Provest announced $1 million of funding towards strategic planning to extend the Gold Coast light rail system from the Gold Coast Airport to over the New South Wales border into Tweed Heads.[81] In 2020, a feasibility study was proposed by the NSW state government for a light rail corridor between Gold Coast Airport and Tweed Heads.[82]

Cancelled Stage 4 extension

The Gold Coast City Transport Strategy 2031 supports a future expansion to Coolangatta via the Gold Coast Airport.[83] The 14 km (8.7 mi) extension of the light rail line from Burleigh Heads station would continue south along the Gold Coast Highway, passing through the southern suburbs of Palm Beach and Tugun and connecting the city's international airport with the light rail. A potential light rail corridor has also been identified from the Airport to Coolangatta and will be preserved for possible future expansion.[84] In August 2020, funding was provided to formulate a business case for the extension.[85] Since 2021, community consultation and preliminary works for stage 4 had begun.[9] Public consultation ended in May 2025.[86]

On 1 September 2025, the Crisafulli state government announced the cancellation of the stage 4 extension.[87][88]

Objections

The Gold Coast light rail project was subject to protest campaigns from some local residents and politicians. Those who attempted to stop Stage One included Gold Coast Mayor Ron Clarke,[89] former mayor and candidate Lex Bell[90] (who proposed the use of native title to stop the project),[91][92] and a string of short-lived protest organisations.[91][92] Their claims included that it was a 'zombie' project and 'white elephant' that would saddle ratepayers with unsustainable debt.[93] The removal of iconic palm trees and poincianas for the construction upset others.[94]

In 2016, a retired property analyst, Alan Midwood, claimed light rail had been a "gross financial disaster" that had doubled roadway congestion, and calling for it to be scrapped.[95] Other notable objectors who achieved media coverage included the owner of Surfers Paradise shop Condom Kingdom, who feared construction would impact sales,[96] and Surfers Paradise Meter Maids, who vowed to chain themselves to trees to prevent the project going ahead.[94]

One group operated by a Paradise Waters resident, alleged light rail was "a proven killer"[97] that slaughtered at "a rate 2.5 times that of cars".[98] Following the success of the project, in 2017, a group of Paradise Waters residents appealed for a tram stop to be added at their locality, as had been originally planned, but were denied it by Council. A former mayor suggested there was a feeling they "were punished because some of them opposed it at the time".[99]

References

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