Garm (magazine)

Garm was established in 1923 as a successor of Kerberos which was also a satirical magazine published in Finland.^[2][3] The founder was Henry Rein.^[3] The magazine was published in Helsinki on a monthly basis.^[4][5] It had a conservative political stance like its predecessor.^[2] However, unlike Kerberos Garm opposed both the nationalism in the form of true Finnishness and the extreme leftist politics.^[2] In addition, although Garm supported the Swedish language and culture in Finland, it did not call for the cooperation with Sweden.^[2] The magazine mocked both Communism and Nazism during World War II.^[1]

Garm's readers were mostly politicians, celebrities, and other leading figures.^[1] Tito Colliander and Jarl Hemmer were among the Garm contributors.^[1] One of the most significant contributors of Garm was Tove Jansson who started her career in the magazine as a cartoonist in 1929 when she was just fifteen.^[3][6] Tove Jansson's mother, Signe Hammarsten-Jansson, also worked at the magazine from its start in 1923.^[3] Over time the former became the magazine's chief illustrator.^[7] Some characters in her Moomin cartoon strips first appeared in the magazine.^[1] Jansson's political cartoons ridiculing Adolf Hitler and Josef Stalin published in Garm were censored by the Finnish authorities.^[7] Garm folded in 1953 when its founder Henry Rein died.^[1][3]