At the turn of the 20th century, Gaura was described as a fairly large but otherwise rather insignificant village that belonged to the taluqdari estate of Katari.[3] It had a primary school, and an area of high nazul land indicated that there also used to be a fort here.[3] As of 1901, Gaura's population was 1,448 people, of which the majority were Ahirs and also including a Muslim minority of 131.[3]
The 1951 census recorded Gaura as comprising 17 hamlets, with a total population of 1,731 people (824 male and 907 female), in 368 households and 366 physical houses.[5] The area of the village was given as 1,282 acres.[5] 146 residents were literate, 126 male and 20 female.[5] The village was listed as belonging to the pargana of Gaura Jamo and the thana of Jagdishpur.[5] The village had a district board-run primary school with 177 students in attendance as of 1 January 1951.[5]
The 1961 census recorded Gaura as comprising 22 hamlets, with a total population of 1,770 people (889 male and 881 female), in 381 households and 356 physical houses.[6] The area of the village was given as 1,282 acres and it had a post office at that point.[6]
The 1981 census recorded Gaura as having a population of 2,557 people, in 465 households, and having an area of 518.83 hectares.[7] The main staple foods were listed as wheat and rice.[7]
The 1991 census recorded Gaura as having a total population of 2,795 people (1,435 male and 1,360 female), in 523 households and 515 physical houses.[4] The area of the village was listed as 490.00 hectares.[4] Members of the 0-6 age group numbered 556, or 20% of the total; this group was 53% male (294) and 47% female (262).[4] Members of scheduled castes numbered 430, or 15% of the village's total population, while no members of scheduled tribes were recorded.[4] The literacy rate of the village was 32% (579 men and 148 women, counting only people age 7 and up).[4] 837 people were classified as main workers (687 men and 150 women), while 145 people were classified as marginal workers (5 men and 140 women); the remaining 1,813 residents were non-workers.[4] The breakdown of main workers by employment category was as follows: 392 cultivators (i.e. people who owned or leased their own land); 256 agricultural labourers (i.e. people who worked someone else's land in return for payment); 12 workers in livestock, forestry, fishing, hunting, plantations, orchards, etc.; 0 in mining and quarrying; 45 household industry workers; 4 workers employed in other manufacturing, processing, service, and repair roles; 0 construction workers; 77 employed in trade and commerce; 8 employed in transport, storage, and communications; and 43 in other services.[4]
India