George Graves (actor)
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George Windsor Graves (1 January 1876 – 2 April 1949) was an English comic actor. Although he could neither sing nor dance,[1] he became a leading comedian in musical comedies, adapting the French and Viennese opéra-bouffe style of light comic relief into a broader comedy popular with English audiences of the period.[2] His comic portrayals did much to ensure the West End success of Véronique (1904) The Little Michus (1905; for which he invented the Gazeka), and The Merry Widow (1907).[2]
In addition to musical comedy, operettas and revues, Graves specialised in pantomime and music hall. Later in his career, he was a frequent broadcaster and made several films, always in comic roles, but continued to perform on stage. His last stage success was in Me and My Girl (1937).
Graves was born in London and made his stage debut at the age of 19 in an Edwardian musical comedy in Portsmouth. In its obituary notice, The Times wrote, "from the line then chosen [he] deviated during the next 40 years only into pantomime and music hall sketches."[2] Although he could neither sing nor dance, he made his career in comic parts in musical pieces.[1] He toured the British provinces in productions of The Shop Girl (1896), The Gay Grisette (1898), Miss Chiquita (1899), and The Skirt Dancer (1900). He then toured to Russia and South Africa in the early years of the 20th century in performances of Kitty Grey, A Runaway Girl, The Geisha, and Florodora.[3]
Graves's first success on the London stage was as General Marchmont in The School Girl in 1903,[2] followed the next year by MacSherry in Madame Sherry[4] and Coquenard in Messager's Véronique (1904).[5] For the next five years, Graves was cast in comic roles in George Edwardes productions, becoming a leading comedian of his day.[2][6]
In 1905 Graves was chosen to play the General in the British premiere of Messager's The Little Michus, but he became ill and had to join the cast later in the run.[7] He habitually improvised comic dialogue during rehearsals and for this piece he invented a mythical creature called "the Gazeka" which caught the fancy of the London public.[8] After appearing in a revival of The Geisha (1906), in which his style was criticised as being too broad,[9] he was again prevented by illness from taking the comic lead in a new show; in The Merveilleuses (1906) he was replaced by W. H. Berry.[10] His greatest success for Edwardes was in the British premiere of The Merry Widow (1907), in which he played Baron Popoff, a role that he would repeat many times during his career. The Observer wrote, "a great deal of the fun as provided by that clever comedian was more English than 'Marsovian'."[11]
Graves did not stay in The Merry Widow for the whole of its long run.[12] In 1908, he left the Edwardes management, and appeared in The Belle of Brittany. The other comic lead was Walter Passmore, who was judged less effective than Graves because he stuck to a weak script instead of improvising as Graves did.[13] The Times wrote of Graves, "Time after time, as in his favourite manner he hugs a lady close and delivers to her a monologue, he introduces so much that is new that when the lady's turn does come she is quite unable to speak for laughter. And the audience never stops laughing."[14] In 1909 he played King Khayyam in A Persian Princess at the Queen's Theatre in London.[15]
Pantomime was another prominent part of Graves's theatrical career. He was, in the words of The Times, "a pillar of Drury Lane at Christmas".[2] His roles included Abanazar in Aladdin (1909),[16] Jack's mother in Jack and the Beanstalk (1910),[17] The King in Hop o' my Thumb (1911),[18] and the Duke of Monte Blanco in The Sleeping Beauty (1912).[19] These and appearances in music hall shows interspersed his career in musical comedy.[2]
