German exonyms
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Below is a list of German language exonyms for formerly German places and other places in non-German-speaking areas of the world. Archaic names are in italics.
Algeria
Belarus
| English name | German name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | |||
| Grodno | Garten[1] | Hrodna | Belarusian | Archaic |
Belgium
China
Croatia
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
| English name | German name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | |||
| Copenhagen | Kopenhagen | København | Danish | |
Djibouti
Egypt
Estonia
Faroe Islands
| English name | German name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | |||
| Akraberg | Äckerkliff | Akraberg | Faroese | |
| Gásadalur | Gänsetal | Gásadalur | ||
| Hoyvík | Heubucht | Hoyvík | ||
| Haldórsvík | Halldórsbucht | Haldórsvík | ||
| Kirkjubøur | Kirchdorf | Kirkjubøur | ||
| Miðvágur | Mittelbucht | Miðvágur | ||
| Syðradalur | Südtal | Syðradalur | ||
| Tórshavn | Thorshaven | Tórshavn | ||
| Vestmanna | Westmännerhafen | Vestmanna | ||
France
Georgia
Greece
Hungary
India
Israel
| English name | German name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | |||
| Acre | Akkon, Akko | Ako | Hebrew | |
| Alonei Abba | Waldheim | Aloney Abba | Archaic | |
| Ashkelon | Ascalon | Ashkelon | ||
| Bnei Atarot | Wilhelma | Bney Atarot | Archaic | |
| Daburiyya | Tabor | Daburiyya | ||
| Kafr Kanna | Kana | Kafr Kanna | ||
| Kfar Tavor | Kfar Tabor | Kfar Tavor | ||
| Lod | Lydda | Lod | ||
| Netzer Sereni | Bir Salem | Netzer Sereni | Used for times before 1948 | |
| Sea of Galilee | See Genezareth | Yamat HaKineret | ||
| Sharona | Sarona | Sharona | Used for times before 1948 | |
Italy
| English name | German name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | |||
| Agrigento | Agrigent | Agrigento | Italian | |
| Brescia | Brixen | Brescia | Archaic: Wälsch-Brixen | |
| Florence | Florenz | Firenze | ||
| Genoa | Genua | Genova | ||
| Gorizia | Görz | Gorizia | ||
| Milan | Mailand | Milano | ||
| Naples | Neapel | Napoli | ||
| Rome | Rom | Roma | ||
| Syracuse | Syrakus | Siracusa | ||
| Taranto | Tarent | Taranto | ||
| Trento | Trient | Trento | ||
| Trieste | Triest | Trieste | ||
| Venice | Venedig | Venezia | ||
| Verona | Wälsch-Bern | Verona | Archaic | |
Japan
Latvia
Lebanon
Libya
Lithuania
| English name | German name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | |||
| Alytus | Alitten | Alytus | Lithuanian | |
| Kretinga | Crottingen | Kretinga | ||
| Gargždai | Garsden | Gargždai | ||
| Kaunas | Kauen | Kaunas | ||
| Klaipėda | Memel | Klaipėda | ||
| Nida | Nidden | Nida | ||
| Pagėgiai | Pogegen | Pagėgiai | ||
| Palanga | Polangen | Palanga | ||
| Panevėžys | Ponewiesch | Panevėžys | ||
| Rusnė | Ruß | Rusnė | ||
| Saugos | Saugen | Saugos | ||
| Šiauliai | Schaulen | Šiauliai | ||
| Šilutė | Heydekrug | Šilutė | ||
| Tauragė | Tauroggen | Tauragė | ||
| Ukmergė | Wilkomir | Ukmergė | ||
| Vilkyčiai | Wilkieten | Vilkyčiai | ||
| Vilnius | Wilna | Vilnius | ||
Luxembourg
Note that this list only includes towns whose German name is significantly different from the official (mainly French) form. Towns that differ with predictable spelling/ ending changes shown below are not included.
- ae, c, é, oe, ou, u, v → ä, k, e, ö, u, ü, w
- -ange, -haff → -ingen, -hof
| English name | German name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | |||
| Bellain | Besslingen | Bellain | ||
| Bavigne | Böwen | Bavigne | ||
| Beaufort | Befort | Beaufort | ||
| Belair | Neumerl | Belair | ||
| Belvaux | Beles | Belvaux | ||
| Berlé | Berl | Berlé | ||
| Bicherhaff | Bicherhof | Bicherhaff | ||
| Bigonville | Bondorf | Bigonville | ||
| Blaschette | Blanscht | Blaschette | ||
| Boevange | Bögen | Boevange | ||
| Boevange-sur-Attert | Bögen an der Attert | Boevange-sur-Attert | ||
| Bollendorf-Pont | Bollendorferbrück | Bollendorf-Pont | ||
| Born-Moulin | Bornmühlen | Born-Moulin | ||
| Boulaide | Basuchleiden | Boulaide | ||
| Bourscheid-Moulin | Burscheidermühle | Bourscheid-Moulin | ||
| Brouch | Bruch | Brouch | ||
| Burschtermillen | Burschtermühlen | Burschtermillen | ||
| Carelshaff | Karlshoff | Carelshaff | ||
| Cessange | Zessingen | Cessange | ||
| Charage | Kerschen | Charage | ||
| Clemency | Küntzig | Clemency | ||
| Clervaux | Clerf | Clervaux | ||
| Colbette | Kolbet | Colbette | ||
| Cruchten | Krüchten | Cruchten | ||
| Dabourg-Pont | Dasburgerbrück | Dabourg-Pont | ||
| Doncols | Donkholz | Doncols | ||
| Eschette | Brescht | Eschette | ||
| Fensterdall | Fenstertal | Fensterdall | ||
| Folschette | Fulscht | Folschette | ||
| Fréiresmillen | Freiersmühlen | Fréiresmillen | ||
| Groëstaen | Grünstein | Groëstaen | ||
| Hachiville | Helzingen | Hachiville | ||
| Hamiville | Heinsch | Hamiville | ||
| Hongerhaff | Hungerhoff | Hongerhaff | ||
| Kappellebour | Kappellenbur | Kappellebour | ||
| Klenge Bourghaff | Kleiner Burghof | Klenge Bourghaff | ||
| Koenerhaff | Könnerhaff | Koenerhaff | ||
| Koeschettte | Köscht | Koeschettte | ||
| Kreiz | Kreuz | Kreiz | ||
| Lamadelaine | Rollingen | Lamadelaine | ||
| Larochette | Fels | Larochette | ||
| Meysembourg | Meisemburg | Meysembourg | ||
| Michelbouch | Michelbuch | Michelbouch | ||
| Michelsbierg | Michelsberg | Michelsbierg | ||
| Mierschgronn | Mierschgrund | Mierschgronn | ||
| Mondercange | Monnerich | Mondercange | ||
| Mondorf-les-Bains | Bad Mondorf | Mondorf-les-Bains | ||
| Moulin de Bigonville | Bondorfermühle | Moulin de Bigonville | ||
| Moutfort | Mutfurt | Moutfort | ||
| Neihaisgen | Neuhäuschen | Neihaisgen | ||
| Perlé | Perl | Perlé | ||
| Petit-Nobressart | Klein Elcherodt | Petit-Nobressart | ||
| Pontpierre | Steinbrücken | Pontpierre | Both names mean "stone bridge" | |
| Quarte-Vents | Vierwinden | Quarte-Vents | Both names mean "four winds" | |
| Roodt-lès-Ell | Rodt bei Ell | Roodt-lès-Ell | ||
| Roodt-sur-Eisch | Rodt an der Eisch | Roodt-sur-Eisch | ||
| Roodt-sur-Syre | Rodt an der Syre | Roodt-sur-Syre | ||
| Roudenhaff | Rodenhof | Roudenhaff | ||
| Sanem | Sassenheim | Sanem | ||
| Septfontaines | Simmern | Septfontaines | ||
| Soleuvre | Zolver | Soleuvre | ||
| Sonlez | Soller | Sonlez | ||
| Surré | Syr | Surré | ||
| Tarchamps | Ischpelt | Tarchamps | ||
| Troine | Trotten | Troine | ||
| Troisvierges | Ulflingen | Troisvierges | ||
| Wallendorf-Pont | Wallendorferbrück | Wallendorf-Pont | ||
| Wincrange | Wintger | Wincrange | ||
Moldova
| Moldovan place | German name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | |||
| Chișinău | Kischenau, Kischinau, Kischinew | Chișinău | Romanian | |
| Cioburciu (Transnistria) | Hirtenheim | Cioburciu | ||
| Rîșcani | Ryschkanowka | Rîșcani | ||
| Soltoaia | Scholtoi | Soltoaia | ||
| Valea Norocului | Glückstal | Valea Norocului | ||
Morocco
Myanmar
Namibia
| English name | German name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | |||
| Walvis Bay | Walfischbucht, Walfischbai | Walvis Bay | Afrikaans | |
| Windhoek | Windhuk | Windhoek | ||
Netherlands
| English name | German name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | |||
| Arnhem | Arnheim | Arnhem | Dutch | |
| Boskoop | Boskop | Boskoop | ||
| Kerkrade | Kirchrath | Kerkrade | ||
| Nieuweschans | Neuschanz | Nieuweschans | ||
| Nijmegen | Nimwegen | Nijmegen | ||
| Roermond | Rurmund | Roermond | ||
| 's-Hertogenbosch | Herzogenbusch | 's-Hertogenbosch | ||
| Swalmen | Schwalmen | Swalmen | ||
| The Hague | Den Haag | Den Haag | No definite article | |
| Ubach over Worms | Waubach | Ubach over Worms | ||
| Wahlwiller | Wahlweiler | Wahlwiller | ||
North Korea
| English name | German name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | |||
| Pyongyang | Pjöngjang | P'yŏngyang | Korean | |
Norway
| English name | German name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | |||
| Trondheim | Drontheim | Trondheim | Norwegian | Obsolete; briefly used during World War II |
Papua New Guinea
| English name | German name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | |||
| Kokopo | Herbertshöhe | Kokopo | ||
Poland
| English name | German name | Endonym | Inhabitant and surname | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | |||
| Bydgoszcz | Bromberg | Bydgoszcz | Polish | Bromberger |
| Gdańsk | Danzig | Gdańsk | Danziger | |
| Katowice | Kattowitz | Katowice | Kattowitzer | |
| Kraków | Krakau | Kraków | Krakauer | |
| Poznań | Posen | Poznań | Posener | |
| Szczecin | Stettin | Szczecin | Stettiner | |
| Warsaw | Warschau | Warszawa | Warschauer | |
| Wrocław | Breslau | Wrocław | Breslauer | |
Portugal
| English name | German name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | |||
| Lisbon | Lissabon | Lisboa | Portuguese | |
Romania
- For German exonyms of Romania in Transylvania, see: German exonyms (Transylvania)
| English name | German name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | |||
| Bacău | Bakau | Bacău | Romanian | Archaic |
| Baia Mare | Frauenbach | Baia Mare | ||
| Botoșan | Botoschan | Botoșan | ||
| Brașov | Kronstadt | Brașov | ||
| Bucharest | Bukarest | București | ||
| Buzău | Busäu | Buzău | Archaic | |
| Câmpulung | Langena | Câmpulung | ||
| Cluj-Napoca | Klausenburg | Cluj-Napoca | ||
| Constanța | Konstanz(a) | Constanța | ||
| Craiova | Kragau, Krajowa | Craiova | ||
| Curtea de Argeș | Argisch | Curtea de Argeș | ||
| Focșani | Fokschan | Focșani | ||
| Galați | Galatz | Galați | ||
| Giurgiu | Sankt Georg, Zurz | Giurgiu | ||
| Hunedoara | Eisenmarkt | Hunedoara | ||
| Iași | Jassy | Iași | ||
| Oradea | Großwardein | Oradea | ||
| Piatra Neamț | Kreuzburg an der Bistritz | Piatra Neamț | ||
| Pitești | Pitesk | Pitești | ||
| Râmnicu Sărat | Rebnick, Rümnick | Râmnicu Sărat | ||
| Râmnicu Vâlcea | Königsberg, Wultsch | Râmnicu Vâlcea | ||
| Reșița | Reschitz(a) | Reșița | ||
| Roman | Romesmark | Roman | ||
| Satu Mare | Sathmar | Satu Mare | ||
| Sibiu | Hermannstadt | Sibiu | ||
| Sighișoara | Schäßburg | Sighișoara | ||
| Slatina | Zelatna | Slatina | ||
| Slobozia | Freisdtadt | Slobozia | ||
| Suceava | Suczawa | Suceava | ||
| Târgoviște | Tergowisch | Târgoviște | ||
| Târgu Jiu | Tergoschwyl | Târgu Jiu | ||
| Târgu Mureș | Neumarkt | Târgu Mureș | ||
| Timișoara | Temeschburg, Temeswar | Timișoara | ||
| Tulcea | Tultscha, Tultschs | Tulcea | ||
| Turnu Măgurele | Großnikopel | Turnu Măgurele | ||
Russia
- For German names of towns in Kaliningrad Oblast, see : German exonyms (Kaliningrad Oblast) and List of cities and towns in East Prussia
| English name | German name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | |||
| Gatchina | Lindemannstadt | Gatchina | Russian | Renamed during WWII in honor of Georg Lindemann |
| Kaliningrad | Königsberg | Kaliningrad | Archaic, founded with German name | |
| Lomonosov | Oranienbaum | Lomonosov | ||
| Moscow | Moskau | Moskva | ||
| Saint Petersburg | Sankt Petersburg | Sankt Peterburg | Founded with German name in honor of St. Peter | |
| Shlisselburg | Schlüsselburg | Shlisselburg | Archaic, founded with German name | |
| Yekaterinburg | Katharinenburg | Yekaterinburg | ||
Serbia
Slovakia
Slovenia
South Africa
| English name | German name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | |||
| Cape Town | Kapstadt | Kaapstad | Afrikaans | |
| Cape Town | English | |||
| iKapa | Xhosa | |||
Spain
| English name | German name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | |||
| Aragón | Aragonien | Aragón | Aragonese | |
| Balearic Islands | Balearen | Illes Balears | Catalan | |
| Canary Islands | Kanaren | Islas Canarias | Spanish | |
| Tenerife | Teneriffa | Tenerife | ||
| Zaragoza | Saragossa | Zaragoza | ||
Sweden
| English name | German name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | |||
| Gothenburg | Göteborg (Gotenburg) | Göteborg | Swedish | |
| Scania | Schonen | Skåne | ||
Switzerland
Syria
Taiwan
| English name | German name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | |||
| Taipei | Taipeh | Taipei | Chinese (Wade-Giles romanization) | German name from Hokkien endonym |
Tanzania
All of the below names are now obsolete. They were formerly used when Tanzania was part of the colony of German East Africa.
| English name | German name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | |||
| Galula | St. Moritz | Galula | ||
| Igulwa | Mariahilf | Igulwa | ||
| Ikombe | Alt-Langenburg | Ikombe | ||
| Ilembule | Emmaberg | Ilembule | ||
| Kasanga | Bismarckburg, Wißmannhafen | Kasanga | German names referred to two different cities | |
| Kazimzumbwi | Kaiseraue | Kazimzumbwi | ||
| Kirondatal | Kirondathal | Kirondatal | ||
| Kizarawe | Hoffnungshöh | Kizarawe | ||
| Leganga | Leudorf | Leganga | ||
| Liuli | Sphinxhafen | Liuli | ||
| Lumbira | Neu-Langenburg | Lumbira | ||
| Lushoto | Wilhelmsdorf, Wilhelsmthal | Lushoto | ||
| Manda | Weidhafen | Manda | ||
| Mbulu | Neu-Trier | Mbulu | ||
| Mibirizi | Bergfrieden | Mibirizi | ||
| Mikese | Neu-Bonn | Mikese | ||
| Mlalo | Hohenfriedberg | Mlalo | ||
| Mnazi | Neu-Bethel | Mnazi | ||
| Nansio | Peterswerft | Nansio | ||
| Nyakanazi | Friedberg | Nyakanazi | ||
| Rombo | Fischerstadt | Rombo | ||
| Sekenke | Sachsenwald | Sekenke | ||
| Shume | Neu-Hornow | Shume | ||
| Tukuyu | Langenburg | Tukuyu | ||
| Ushetu | Marienthal | Ushetu | ||
| Uvinza | Gottorp | Uvinza | ||
Turkey
| English name | German name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | |||
| Antakya | Antiochia | Antakya | Turkish | Archaic |
| Edirne | Adrianopel | Ediren | ||
| Ephesus | Ephesos | Efes | ||
| Gallipoli | Gallipoli | Gelibolu | ||
| Halicarnassus | Halikarnassos | Halikarnas | ||
| Istanbul | Byzanz | İstanbul | Archaic | |
| Konstantinopel | ||||
| İzmir | Smyrna | İzmir | ||
| Trabzon | Trapezunt | Trabzon | ||
| Troy | Troja | Truva | ||
Ukraine
| English name | German name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | |||
| Bazaryanka | Schulzheim | Bazaryanka | Founded with German name | |
| Belenkoye | Schabolat | Belenkoye | ||
| Berehove | Bergsaß, Lampertshaus | Berehove | ||
| Bilhorod-Dnistrovsky | Akkerman | Akkerman | ||
| Buschtyno | Buschtyn an der Theiß | Buschtyno | ||
| Chernivtsi | Czernowitz/Tschernowitz | Chernivtsi | ||
| Chernobyl | Tschernobyl | Chernobyl | ||
| Dubove | Dombau, Dombo | Dubove | ||
| Ivano-Frankivsk | Stanislau | Ivano-Frankivsk | ||
| Georgievka | Mariental | Georgievka | Founded with German name | |
| Glinnaya | Glückstal | Glinnaya | ||
| Karmanova | Neudorf | Karmanova | ||
| Khust | Hußt | Khust | ||
| Kolosova | Bergdorf | Kolosova | Founded with German name | |
| Komarivka | Kassel | Komarivka | ||
| Korolevo | Königsfeld an der Theiß | Korolevo | ||
| Lviv | Lemberg | Lviv | ||
| Mukachevo | Munkatsch | Mukachevo | ||
| Rakhiv | Rauhau | Rakhiv | ||
| Rivne | Röwne | Rivne | ||
| Sergeievko | Josefstal | Sergeievko | Founded with German name | |
| Sevastopol | Sewastopol | Sevastopol | ||
| Shabo | Schabo Kolonie | Shabo | Founded with German name | |
| Solotvyno | Salzgruben | Solotvyno | ||
| Svaliava | Schwal(l)bach | Svaliava | ||
| Tiachiv | Großteutschenau | Tiachiv | ||
| Uzhhorod | Ungarish Burg, Ungstadt, Ungwar | Uzhhorod | ||
| Vinnytsia | Winniza | Vinnytsia | ||
United Kingdom
| English name | German name | Endonym | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Language | |||
| Birmingham | Bermingheim | Birmingham | English | Archaic |
| Canterbury | Kantelberg, Kanterberg | Canterbury | ||
| Channel Islands | Kanalinseln, Normannische Inseln | Channel Islands | ||
| Dover Strait | Straße von Calais | Dover Strait | ||
| Edinburgh | Edinburg | Edinburgh | Scots | |
| Dùn Èideann | Scottish Gaelic | |||
| English Channel | Ärmelkanal | English Channel | English | |
| Orkney | Orkaden | Orkney | Scots | Archaic |
| Scalloway | Schaldewage | Scalloway | ||
| Scotland | Schottland | Scotland | ||
| Alba | Scottish Gaelic | |||
| Thames | Themse | Thames | English | |
| White Cliffs of Dover | Kreidefelsen von Dover | White Cliffs of Dover | ||
