Girifna

The group was established in October 2009. It began as a campaign to defeat the ruling National Congress Party (NCP) in the 2010 national elections, or, according to at least one source, as a voter-registration movement in that same year's elections.^[1] Girifna was founded two days before the voter-registration process began. It was the country's first multi-party election in almost a quarter-century, and the founders of Girifna saw it "as an opportunity for peaceful change."^[3]

According to one source, Girifna has three co-founders: Nagi Musa, Seraj Omer, and Akram Ahmed.^{[citation needed]}

Ghazi Mohammed Abuzied, a chemical engineering student, "joined Girifna on Facebook before the elections and offered to volunteer his time," according to The Washington Post. He now "coordinates the movement's activities in Khartoum, arranging when volunteers go to markets and bus stations to speak and hand out leaflets."^[3] Hisham Haj Omar, a Sudanese living in New York, helped build Girifna's website.^[3]

Girifna states that it does not hold a specific political agenda, but is fighting for democracy and political freedom in the Sudan. While the organization does not support any one particular party of the opposition, it firmly opposes the ruling NCP party. Girifna has called for the Sudanese people to vote out the NCP regime from power.^[4]

After the 2010 elections, Girifna shifted its objective; its present goal is to overthrow the ruling NCP through non-violent resistance and replace it with a "democratic nation-state."^[1] "In the aftermath of the elections," the Open Democracy website has stated, "Girifna continued to push forward and organize for regime change." One member of the group has said that "the [NCP's] ideology is the root cause of all [our] problems. We are a country of multiple cultures, multiple religions, multiple languages. We need to be governed in a way that accepts this diversity. These people are unable to accept diversity. Their ideology is imposing a supremacy of Arabism, Islamism…[it's] an ideology of discrimination, of racism, and of manipulating religion to marginalize a lot of people in Sudan."^[5]

One source describes Girifna as "a very modern organization" that has "no leader, only members" who have no office headquarters but instead "gather in each other's houses." According to this source, these members "are not anti-government; they are pro-change. They are not demanding power; they are demanding justice and their basic human rights. Girifna started taking action by handing out messages on the streets. The first message was simply 'know your rights!' The second was to unite and that they had to include women in the political process."^[2]

The Girifna movement is open to all Sudanese citizens, and the exact number of members is difficult to determine. According to a 2010 article in The Washington Post, Girifna had about 5,000 volunteers in Sudan; an article published during the same year in The Globe and Mail placed the number of supporters at nearly 18,000.^[1] As of 2010, Girifna had more than 7,000 members on its Facebook page.^[3]

The organization itself characterizes its membership as "diverse" and "comprised of a wide range of ages, and ethnic and religious backgrounds." Most of its members are reportedly youth activists, primarily from central Sudan, and some sources identify it as "student-led." The group welcomes members regardless of political beliefs and it purportedly has members belonging to "all the major political parties in the country."^[1]

Girifna's headquarters are located in Khartoum, where the movement is most active, as well as in Khartoum Bahri and Omdurman. It has also been active in the cities of Madani, Algadarif, Al Jazeera, Atbara, Al Obied, Meroe, Dongola, and Nyala.^[1]