Gironde
Department of France
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Gironde (/ʒɪˈrɒnd/ zhih-ROND,[3] US usually /dʒɪˈ-/ jih-;[4][5] French: [ʒiʁɔ̃d] ⓘ; Occitan: Gironda, pronounced [dʒiˈɾundɔ]) is the largest department in the southwestern French region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine. Named after the Gironde estuary, a major waterway, its prefecture is Bordeaux. In 2023, it had a population of 1,690,493.[6] The famous Bordeaux wine region is in Gironde. It has six arrondissements, making it one of the departments with the most arrondissements (Nord also has six, while Pas-de-Calais has the most of any department, with seven).
Gironde
| |
|---|---|
Prefecture building in Bordeaux | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
 Location of Gironde in France | |
| Coordinates: 44°50′N 0°40′W | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Nouvelle-Aquitaine |
| Prefecture | Bordeaux |
| Subprefectures | Arcachon Blaye Langon Lesparre-Médoc Libourne |
| Government | |
| • President of the Departmental Council | Jean-Luc Gleyze[1] (PS) |
| Area | |
• Total | 10,725 km2 (4,141 sq mi) |
| Population (2023)[2] | |
• Total | 1,690,493 |
| • Rank | 6th |
| • Density | 157.62/km2 (408.24/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| ISO 3166 code | FR-33 |
| Department number | 33 |
| Arrondissements | 6 |
| Cantons | 33 |
| Communes | 534 |
| ^1 French Land Register data, which excludes estuaries and lakes, ponds and glaciers larger than 1 km2. | |
History
Gironde is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790. It was created from parts of the former provinces of Guyenne and Gascony.
From 1793 to 1795, the department's name was changed to Bec-d'Ambès to avoid the association with the Girondist political party of the French Revolution.
In July 2022, Gironde was affected by large wildfires.[7]
Geography
Gironde is part of the current region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine and is surrounded by the departments of Landes, Lot-et-Garonne, Dordogne and Charente-Maritime and the Atlantic Ocean on the west. With an area of 10,000 km2, Gironde is the largest department in metropolitan France, and the second-largest in entire France. Its size is larger than Lebanon or the province of Banten. If overseas departments are included, however, Gironde's land area is dwarfed by the 83,846 km2 of French Guiana.
Gironde is well known for the Côte d'Argent beach which is Europe's longest, attracting many surfers to Lacanau each year. It is also the birthplace of Jacques-Yves Cousteau who studied the sea and all forms of life in water.
The Great Dune of Pyla in Arcachon Bay near Bordeaux is the tallest sand dune in Europe.[8]
Demographics
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Principal towns
The most populous commune is Bordeaux, the prefecture. As of 2023, there are 7 communes with more than 30,000 inhabitants,[10] all of which are part of the Bordeaux agglomeration:
| Commune | Population (2023) |
|---|---|
| Bordeaux | 267,991 |
| Mérignac | 78,090 |
| Pessac | 67,339 |
| Talence | 46,338 |
| Villenave-d'Ornon | 42,545 |
| Saint-Médard-en-Jalles | 32,910 |
| Bègles | 31,831 |
Politics
The President of the Departmental Council is Jean-Luc Gleyze of the Socialist Party.
| Party | seats | |
|---|---|---|
| • | Socialist Party | 45 |
| The Republicans | 12 | |
| • | French Communist Party | 3 |
| Miscellaneous Right | 1 | |
| MoDem | 1 | |
| Hunting, Fishing, Nature, Tradition | 1 | |
Current National Assembly Representatives
Tourism
Château de la Brède, birthplace of Montesquieu
The Gironde estuary seen from the citadel of Blaye
