Glucuronolactone
Chemical compound
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Glucuronolactone or Glucurolactone (INN) is a naturally occurring substance that is an important structural component of nearly all connective tissues.[1] It is sometimes used in energy drinks.[2][3] Unfounded claims[4] that glucuronolactone can be used to reduce "brain fog"[5] are based on research conducted on energy drinks that contain other active ingredients that have been shown to improve cognitive function, such as caffeine. Glucuronolactone is also found in many plant gums.[1]
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| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name
D-Glucurono-6,3-lactone | |
| Systematic IUPAC name
(2R)-2-[(2S,3R,4S)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-oxo-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl]-2-hydroxy-acetaldehyde | |
| Other names
Glucuronic acid lactone; Glucurone; Glucurolactone (INN); D-glucurono-gamma-lactone; glucurono-γ-lactone | |
| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol) |
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| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.046.397 |
PubChem CID |
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| UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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| Properties | |
| C6H8O6 | |
| Molar mass | 176.124 g·mol−1 |
| Density | 1.76 g/cm3 (30 °C) |
| Melting point | 176 to 178 °C (349 to 352 °F; 449 to 451 K) |
| 26.9 g/100 mL | |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Physical and chemical properties
Uses
Glucuronolactone is an ingredient used in some energy drinks,[2] often in unnaturally high doses. Research into Glucuronolactone is too limited to assert claims about its safety[6] The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has concluded that it is unlikely that glucurono-γ-lactone would have any interaction with caffeine, taurine, alcohol or the effects of exercise. The Panel also concluded, based on the data available, that additive interactions between taurine and caffeine on diuretic effects are unlikely.[7]
According to The Merck Index, glucuronolactone is used as a detoxicant.[8]
Glucuronolactone is also metabolized to glucaric acid, xylitol, and L-xylulose, and humans may also be able to use glucuronolactone as a precursor for ascorbic acid synthesis.[9]
Glucuronolactone is approved in China and Japan as an over-the-counter "hepatoprotectant",[10][11][12] though there is a conspicuous lack of systematic reviews on this use.[13]
Safety
The EFSA evaluated the safety of D-glucurono-γ-lactone at the levels used in energy drinks, and determined it to be "not of safety concern."[7] Furthermore research on isolated supplements of glucuronolactone is limited, no warnings appear on the Food and Drug Administration website regarding its potential to cause brain tumors or other maladies.[4][14]