Goulburn-Oberon Road

At its northern end, the road passes through imposing plantations of radiata pine trees that supply the timber complex of Oberon.

It is now fully sealed, having undergone extensive work between 2002 and 2008. The final section of around 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) long, located between the Abercrombie River and the end of Wombeyan Caves Road was sealed in February 2008. In 2007, the Upper Lachlan Shire received a grant of $710,000 over 3 years from the New South Wales Government to cover one third of the cost of realigning and sealing that remaining section and will allocate $1,420,000 of council funds over those three years to complete the work.^[4] With the support of Oberon Council, the work was completed in the first year.^[5]

In conjunction with O'Connell Road from Oberon to Bathurst, this scenic route provides a leisurely and surprisingly direct route between Bathurst and Goulburn. The descent into the Abercrombie River Gorge from the North is particularly scenic.

Wombeyan Caves Road, leading through the Wombeyan Caves reserve and on to Mittagong, starts at the locality of Richlands, around halfway between Goulburn and Oberon. Laggan-Taralga Road from Crookwell ends in the historic town of Taralga a little further south. Bannaby Road to the locality of Bannaby also starts in Taralga.

The road is allocated Tourist Route 13, from Goulburn to Richlands, and continues east along Wombeyan Caves Road.

The passing of the Main Roads Act of 1924^[6] through the Parliament of New South Wales provided for the declaration of Main Roads, roads partially funded by the State government through the Main Roads Board (MRB). Main Road No. 256 was declared along this road on 8 August 1928, from the intersection with Great Western Highway at Oberon and Taralga to the intersection with Hume Highway at Goulburn (and continuing northwards to Bathurst);^[2] with the passing of the Main Roads (Amendment) Act of 1929^[7] to provide for additional declarations of State Highways and Trunk Roads, this was amended to Main Road 256 on 8 April 1929.

The Department of Main Roads, which had succeeded the MRB in 1932, truncated the northern end of Main Road 256 to Oberon (and extended the western end of Main Road 253 over it instead, from Oberon to Bathurst), on 13 February 1934.^[8]

The passing of the Roads Act of 1993^[9] updated road classifications and the way they could be declared within New South Wales. Under this act, Goulburn-Oberon Road today retains its declaration as Main Road 256, from Oberon to Goulburn.^[10]

It was, at one stage "seen as a future bypass of Sydney".^[4]

• Highways in Australia
• List of highways in New South Wales