Government of Vietnam

After the establishment of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam on 2 September 1945, based on the 1946 Constitution, the executive organ was called the Government (Chính phủ). It was headed by the president, which was the second highest position in Vietnam. Under the president was the Cabinet, which was headed by the prime minister (Thủ tướng).^[5]

From 1959 to 1980, based on the 1959 Constitution, the executive organ was named as the Council of Government (Hội đồng Chính phủ). It was headed by the prime minister.^[5]

From 1980 to 1992, based on the 1980 Constitution, the executive organ was called the Council of Ministers (Hội đồng Bộ trưởng). It was headed by the chairman (equivalent to the prime minister).^[5]

From 1992 onwards, based on the 1992 Constitution the executive organ was renamed as the Government (Chính phủ). It is headed by the prime minister.^[5]

Based on The 2013 Constitution, the term of the Government follows the term of the National Assembly. At the expiration of the term of the National Assembly, the Government shall remain in office until a new Government is elected by the succeeding National Assembly.^[4][3]

The Council of Ministers (Hội đồng Bộ trưởng) was entrusted by the 1980 Constitution with managing and implementing the governmental activities of the state.^[6]

Since 1992 the executive organ of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam is officially named the Government (Chính phủ). It consists of 14 ministries, 3 ministry-level agencies and 5 other government-dependent agencies as of 2025, headed by a Prime Minister and a corresponding number of Deputy Prime Ministers, Ministers and Minister-level Officials.^[7]

The Government is headed by a prime minister (Thủ tướng) and 4 deputy prime ministers (Phó Thủ tướng).

There are 14 ministries (Bộ); each is headed by a minister (Bộ trưởng):^[8]

• Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Bộ Ngoại giao)
• Ministry of Defence (Bộ Quốc phòng)
• Ministry of Public Security (Bộ Công an)
• Ministry of Home Affairs (Bộ Nội vụ)
• Ministry of Justice (Bộ Tư pháp)
• Ministry of Finance (Bộ Tài chính)
• Ministry of Industry and Trade (Bộ Công Thương)
• Ministry of Agriculture and Environment (Bộ Nông nghiệp và Môi trường)
• Ministry of Construction (Bộ Xây dựng)
• Ministry of Education and Training (Bộ Giáo dục và Đào tạo)
• Ministry of Science and Technology (Bộ Khoa học và Công nghệ)
• Ministry of Health (Bộ Y tế)
• Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism (Bộ Văn hóa, Thể thao và Du lịch)
• Ministry of Ethnic and Religious Affairs (Bộ Dân tộc và Tôn giáo)

3 ministry-level agencies; each is headed by a Minister-level Official:^[9]

• Government Office (Văn phòng Chính phủ), headed by a chief (Chủ nhiệm)
• Government Inspectorate (Thanh tra Chính phủ), headed by an inspector-general (Tổng Thanh tra)
• State Bank of Vietnam (Ngân hàng Nhà nước Việt Nam), headed by a governor (Thống đốc)

The Government of Vietnam also establishes national committees (Ủy ban Quốc gia) when needed. The national committees are not separate political entities or ministries; instead they are composed of deputy prime ministers, ministers and deputy ministers in appropriate fields. The national committees act as advisor bodies to the prime minister on social and economic issues, and coordinate actions between ministries and agencies. Therefore, the national committees themselves do not have any executive powers. There are 9 national committees;^[10] each is headed by a chairman (Chủ tịch):

• National Committee for Renovation of Education and Training (Ủy ban Quốc gia Đổi mới Giáo dục và Đào tạo)
• National Committee for Digital Transformation (Ủy ban Quốc gia về Chuyển đổi số)
• National Committee for Climate Change (Ủy ban Quốc gia về Biến đổi Khí hậu)
• National Committee for Traffic Safety (Ủy ban An toàn Giao thông Quốc gia)
• National Committee for Prevention of AIDS and Prevention of Narcotics and Prostitutions (Ủy ban Quốc gia Phòng chống AIDS và Phòng chống Tệ nạn Ma túy, Mại dâm)
• National Committee for Search and Rescue (Ủy ban Quốc gia Tìm kiếm Cứu nạn)
• National Committee for Security of Civil Aviation (Ủy ban An ninh Hàng không Dân dụng Quốc gia)
• National Committee for Elderly (Ủy ban Quốc gia về Người cao tuổi)
• National Committee for International Economic Cooperation (Ủy ban Quốc gia về Hợp tác Kinh tế Quốc tế)