Grindulu River
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| Grindulu River | |
|---|---|
   | |
| Location | |
| Country | Indonesia |
| Provinces | East Java |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | Mount Gembes |
| • location | Bandar, Pacitan |
| • elevation | 1,200 m (3,900 ft) |
| 2nd source | Berkala River (-8.07083, 111.3125) |
| • location | Tegalombo, Pacitan |
| • elevation | 232 m (761 ft) |
| Mouth | Teluk Pacitan, Samudra Hindia |
• location | Ploso, Pacitan |
• coordinates | 8°14′02″S 111°06′14″E / 8.2338°S 111.1039°E |
| Length | 70 km (43 mi) |
| Basin size | 715 km2 (276 mi2)[1] |
| Basin features | |
| River system | DAS Grindulu (DAS230561)[1] |
| River management | BPDAS Solo[1] |
The Grindulu River is a river in East Java, Java, Indonesia. It flows from Mount Gembes (1,200 metres above sea level), Pacitan Recency, at the border of Jeruk Village and Bangunsari Village in the Bandar District. It then flows through the Tegalombo District and the Arjosari District in the Pacitan Regency, and into the Indian Ocean at Ploso Village. Grindulu River is approximately 70 km long, flowing from the northeast to the southwest before turning south.
Tributary
The Grindulu river basin stretches through three regencies: the Pacitan Regency, the Ponorogo Regency, and the Wonogiri Regency. The basin covers an area of approximately 655,40 km2. 593,8 km2 of the river basin (90.6%) is in the Pacitan Regency.[2]
Major tributaries include:
Geomorphology
The Grindulu watershed is primarily affected by local residents' control of dry land, which impacts the development of the surface soil conditions of the Grindulu watershed. Soil makes up 61.29% of the area around the river, with very thin solum and lithosol parent rock outcrops. This highly erosive topsoil layer impacts the high levels of sedimentation around the river.
Erosion levels around the Gindulu River watershed are very high, with at least 60 tons of soil per hectare transported annually. Erosion levels are calculated by measuring variables like soil characteristics, land use patterns, land management, and topographic conditions.
In addition to surface flow, the Gindulu River flows underground within the Pringkulu District and Donorojo District. The underground river flows through a complex system of cave passages and underground channels, resulting in limestone (karst) reef facies. The discharge from the underground river reaches 176.70 litres/second.[2]