Guión Rojo

In 1940, the military dictatorship of Higinio Morínigo was established in Paraguay. His regime held strong nationalist and anti-communist beliefs and showed sympathy for the Axis powers. Therefore, the Colorado Party, led by González, supported the Morínigo regime. Since 1942, the Guión Rojo acted as a pro-government power structure. The militants of the organization carried out attacks and took part in violence against liberal and febrerista opposition figures.^[6] Opposition newspapers were shut down and their publishers exiled.^[7] At the same time, relying on the "Gionists", González strengthened his own positions, gradually intercepting the levers of real power from Morinigo.

In 1947, civil war broke out in Paraguay. A coalition of liberals, febreristas and communists, with the support of much of the army, tried to overthrow Morínigo.^[8] The military superiority was on the side of the opposition. The detachments of Guión Rojo and Py Nandi became the main force of the pro-government side.^[9] They played a very important role in the war, allowing Morinigo to hold out until the mobilization of reinforcements, organized with Argentine help. After the defeat of the opposition, the Guión Rojo militants carried out brutal reprisals throughout the country against the defeated rebels.^[10]

In February 1948, Juan Natalicio González was elected President of Paraguay. The political landscape had changed: Higinio Morínigo tried to prevent him from taking office. In the spring and summer of 1948, Guión Rojo organized armed uprisings, which resulted in the overthrow of Morinigo and the ascent of González into power. The Guionists also participated in the suppression of the coup attempt in October 1948. However, following another coup, in January 1949, González was removed from power and emigrated from Paraguay.

González's departure from politics reduced the Guión Rojo's activity. However, the structure continued to exist, consolidating Colorado's far-right forces and continuing its tradition of strong anti-communism and pro-fascist sympathies. Among the Guión Rojo's activists and ideologues were Edgar Ynsfrán, who romanticized the violent methods of the militants as "a barbaric struggle for the people's truth",^[2] and Juan Manuel Frutos Fleitas, who later became the head of the Paraguayan branch of the World League for Freedom and Democracy anti-communist organization.^[11] Eventually, the group would come to support Paraguayan General Alfredo Stroessner, who was ideologically close to them and launched his own coup in 1954 to seize power for himself.

The Guión Rojo were strongly associated with Juan Natalicio González, whom Stroessner considered a dangerous competitor. Even though Natalicio did not engage in oppositional activities, the new head of state treated him with suspicion. Therefore, the authorities did not encourage the organizational activity of Guión Rojo. However, members such as Edgar Ynsfrán Juan Manuel Frutos Fleitas became high ranking government ministers and ideologues of the new dictatorship, which was to last for 35 years. After the death of Natalicio in 1966, the organization itself ceased to exist. However, the functions of Guión Rojo continued to be performed by Py Nandi and other Stronist assault brigades - Pastor Coronel's Macheteros de Santani, Ramón Aquino's Garroteros and Eugenio Jacquet's Grupos de Acción Anticomunista.

The term "Guión Rojo" became collective name for the far right wing of the Colorado Party. One of the constituent groups of the modern Colorado Party bears the name Movimiento Guión Rojo. Its leaders Miguel Angel Sithar and Nya Delo are positioned as bearers of the tradition of the "real Colorado"^[12]