Gynacantha
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Genus of dragonflies
| Gynacantha | |
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| Black-kneed duskhawker Gynacantha bullata female, Aburi Botanical Gardens, Ghana | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Odonata |
| Infraorder: | Anisoptera |
| Family: | Aeshnidae |
| Genus: | Gynacantha Rambur, 1842[1] |
Gynacantha is a genus of dragonflies in the family Aeshnidae.[2] The females have two prominent spines under the last abdominal segment.[3] This gives the genus name (from Greek female and thorn) and the common name two-spined darners; they are also known as duskhawkers.
The genus Gynacantha includes the following species:[4][5]
- Gynacantha adela Martin, 1909
- Gynacantha africana (Palisot de Beauvois, 1805) - Giant Duskhawker
- Gynacantha albistyla Fraser, 1927
- Gynacantha alcathoe Lieftinck, 1961
- Gynacantha apiaensis Fraser, 1927
- Gynacantha apicalis Fraser, 1924
- Gynacantha arnaudi Asahina, 1984
- Gynacantha arsinoe Lieftinck, 1948
- Gynacantha arthuri Lieftinck, 1953
- Gynacantha auricularis Martin, 1909
- Gynacantha bainbriggei Fraser, 1922
- Gynacantha bartai Paulson & von Ellenrieder, 2005
- Gynacantha basiguttata Selys, 1882
- Gynacantha bayadera Selys, 1891 (= G. furcata?)
- Gynacantha bifida Rambur, 1842
- Gynacantha biharica Fraser, 1927
- Gynacantha bispina Rambur, 1842
- Gynacantha bullata Karsch, 1891 - Black-kneed Duskhawker
- Gynacantha burmana Lieftinck, 1960
- Gynacantha calliope Lieftinck, 1953
- Gynacantha calypso Ris, 1915
- Gynacantha cattienensis Kompier & Holden, 2017
- Gynacantha caudata Karsch, 1891
- Gynacantha chaplini Khan, 2021
- Gynacantha chelifera McLachlan, 1895
- Gynacantha comorensis Couteyen & Papazian, 2009
- Gynacantha constricta Hämäläinen, 1991
- Gynacantha convergens Förster, 1908
- Gynacantha corbeti Lempert, 1999
- Gynacantha croceipennis Martin, 1897
- Gynacantha cylindrata Karsch, 1891 - Greater girdled Duskhawker
- Gynacantha demeter Ris, 1911
- Gynacantha dobsoni Fraser, 1951 – lesser duskhawker[6]
- Gynacantha dohrni Krüger, 1899
- Gynacantha dravida Lieftinck, 1960
- Gynacantha ereagris Gundlach, 1888
- Gynacantha francesca (Martin, 1909)
- Gynacantha furcata Rambur, 1842
- Gynacantha gracilis (Burmeister, 1839)
- Gynacantha helenga Williamson & Williamson, 1930
- Gynacantha hova Fraser, 1956
- Gynacantha hyalina Selys, 1882
- Gynacantha immaculifrons Fraser, 1956 - Pale Duskhawker
- Gynacantha incisura Fraser, 1935
- Gynacantha interioris Williamson, 1923
- Gynacantha japonica Bartenev, 1909
- Gynacantha jessei Williamson, 1923
- Gynacantha khasiaca McLachlan, 1896
- Gynacantha kirbyi Krüger, 1898 – slender duskhawker[6]
- Gynacantha klagesi Williamson, 1923
- Gynacantha laticeps Williamson, 1923
- Gynacantha limbalis Karsch, 1892
- Gynacantha litoralis Williamson, 1923
- Gynacantha maclachlani Förster, 1899
- Gynacantha malgassica Fraser, 1962
- Gynacantha manderica Grünberg, 1902 – little duskhawker[7]
- Gynacantha membranalis Karsch, 1891
- Gynacantha mexicana Selys, 1868 – bar-sided darner[3][8]
- Gynacantha mocsaryi Förster, 1898 – paddle-tipped duskhawker[6]
- Gynacantha musa Karsch, 1892
- Gynacantha nausicaa Ris, 1915
- Gynacantha nervosa Rambur, 1842 – twilight darner[9]
- Gynacantha nigeriensis (Gambles, 1956) – yellow-legged duskhawker[8][10]
- Gynacantha nourlangie Theischinger & Watson, 1991 – cave duskhawker[6]
- Gynacantha odoneli Fraser, 1922
- Gynacantha pasiphae Lieftinck, 1948
- Gynacantha penelope Ris, 1915
- Gynacantha phaeomeria Lieftinck, 1960
- Gynacantha radama Fraser, 1956
- Gynacantha rammohani Mitra & Lahiri, 1975
- Gynacantha remartinia Navás, 1934
- Gynacantha risi Laidlaw, 1931
- Gynacantha rolandmuelleri Hämäläinen, 1991
- Gynacantha rosenbergi Kaup in Brauer, 1867 – grey duskhawker[6]
- Gynacantha rotundata Navás, 1930
- Gynacantha ryukyuensis Asahina, 1962
- Gynacantha saltatrix Martin, 1909
- Gynacantha sextans McLachlan, 1896 - Dark-rayed Duskhawker
- Gynacantha stenoptera Lieftinck, 1934
- Gynacantha stevensoni Fraser, 1927
- Gynacantha stylata Martin, 1896
- Gynacantha subinterrupta Rambur, 1842
- Gynacantha tenuis Martin, 1909
- Gynacantha tibiata Karsch, 1891
- Gynacantha usambarica Sjöstedt, 1909 – Usambara duskhawker[11]
- Gynacantha vargasi Haber, 2019
- Gynacantha vesiculata Karsch, 1891
- Gynacantha villosa Grünberg, 1902 – hairy duskhawker[12]
References
- ↑ Rambur, Jules (1842). Histoire naturelle des insectes. Névroptères. Paris: Librairie Encyclopédique de Roret. pp. 534 [209] – via Internet Archive.
- ↑ "Genus Gynacantha Rambur, 1842". Australian Faunal Directory. Australian Biological Resources Study. 2012. Retrieved 20 March 2017.
- 1 2 Paulson, Dennis R. (2009). Dragonflies and Damselflies of the West. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-12281-6.
- ↑ Paulson, D.; Schorr, M.; Abbott, J.; Bota-Sierra, C.; Deliry, C.; Dijkstra, K.-D.; Lozano, F. "World Odonata List". OdonataCentral. University of Alabama.
- ↑ Haber, William A. (2019-05-28). "Gynacantha vargasi (Odonata: Anisoptera: Aeshnidae) sp. nov. from Costa Rica". Zootaxa. 4612 (1): 58–70. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4612.1.3. PMID 31717078. S2CID 190882751.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Theischinger, G.; Hawking, J. (2006). The Complete Field Guide to Dragonflies of Australia. CSIRO Publishing. ISBN 0-643-09073-8.
- ↑ Clausnitzer, V.; Suhling, F.; Dijkstra, K.-D.B. (2016). "Gynacantha manderica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T59876A72361162. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T59876A72361162.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
- 1 2 "North American Odonata". University of Puget Sound. 2009. Archived from the original on 11 July 2010. Retrieved 5 August 2010.
- ↑ Paulson, D.R. (2017). "Gynacantha nervosa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017 e.T165050A80689618. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T165050A80689618.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
- ↑ Clausnitzer, V.; Suhling, F.; Dijkstra, K.-D.B. (2016). "Gynacantha nigeriensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T59877A72361538. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T59877A72361538.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
- ↑ Clausnitzer, V.; Suhling, F. (2010). "Gynacantha usambarica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010 e.T59879A12114020. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T59879A12114020.en.
- ↑ Clausnitzer, V.; Suhling, F.; Dijkstra, K.-D.B. (2016). "Gynacantha villosa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016 e.T59881A72363075. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T59881A72363075.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
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