Helconinae

Helconinae is a subfamily of braconid wasps in the family Braconidae.

Quick facts Scientific classification ...

Helconinae

Wroughtonia ligator
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Hymenoptera
Family:	Braconidae
Subfamily:	Helconinae Forster, 1862

Taxonomy and phylogeny

Helconinae has historically been a large subfamily of 4 tribes comprising about 40 genera.^[1] Following many changes to classification and included groups over the years, only one of these original tribes, Helconini, remains. Cenocoeliini was split into a new subfamily, Cenocoeliinae, by van Achterberg in 1984.^[2] Then, the tribes Brachistini and Diospilini were split into another new subfamily, Brachistinae, by Sharanowski et al. in 2011.^[3] The remaining Helconini comprise about 12 genera.^[1] The Helconini subtribe Vervootihelconina was since elevated to tribal status as Vervootihelconini. The enigmatic Ussurohelconini, previously transferred to Cenocoeliinae, was again recovered as a tribe of Helconinae.^[4]^[3]

Genera

The following genera belong to the subfamily Helconinae:

Tribe Helconini Förster, 1863

Acarohelcon van Achterberg et Chen, 2017^[5]
Austrohelcon Turner, 1918^[6]
Calohelcon Turner, 1918^[6]
Eumacrocentrus Ashmead, 1900^[7]
Helcon Nees von Esenbeck, 1812^[6]^[5]
Mangshia van Achterberg & Chen, 2004^[8]
Parahelcon Kokujew, 1901^[6]
Trichiohelcon Turuer, 1918^[6]
Wroughtonia Cameron, 1899^[5]

Tribe Ussurohelconini van Achterberg, 1994

Ussurohelcon Belokobylskij, 1989

Tribe Vervoortihelconini van Achterberg, 1997

Vervoortihelcon van Achterberg, 1998^[9]

References

[1]
Wharton, Robert A.; Marsh, Paul M.; Sharkey, Michael J. (2017). Manual Of The New World Genera Of The Family Braconidae (Hymenoptera) 2nd Edition. International Society of Hymenopterists. ISBN 978-0692944820.
[2]
van Achterberg, Cornelis (1984). "Essay on the phylogeny of Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea)". Entomologisk Tidskrift. 105: 41–58.
[3]
Sharanowski, Barbara J.; Dowling, Ashley P.G.; Sharkey, Michael J. (2011). "Molecular phylogenetics of Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) based on multiple nuclear genes, and implications for classification". Systematic Entomology. 36 (3): 549–572. Bibcode:2011SysEn..36..549S. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.2011.00580.x.
[4]
Ghahari, Hassan; Shaw, Scott Richard; Gadallah, Neveen Samy; Sharkey, Michael J. (2022). "15. Subfamily Helconinae Foerster, 1863". In Gadallah, Neveen Samy; Ghahari, Hassan; Shaw, Scott Richard (eds.). Braconidae of the Middle East (Hymenoptera) Taxonomy, Distribution, Biology, and Biocontrol Benefits of Parasitoid Wasps. Elsevier Science. p. 356-358. doi:10.1016/B978-0-323-96099-1.00012-1. ISBN 978-0-323-96099-1.
[5]
Yan, Cheng-Jin; Van Achterberg, Cornelis; He, Jun-Hua; Chen, Xue-Xin (2017). "Review of the tribe Helconini Foerster s.s. from China, with the description of 18 new species". Zootaxa. 4291 (3): 401–457. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4291.3.1.
[6]
Parrott, arthur W. (1953). "A Systematic Catalogue of Australian Braconidae". Pacific Science. 7: 193–218.
[7]
Krombein, Karl V.; Hurd Jr., Paul D. Jr.; Smith, David R.; Burks, B.D., eds. (1979). Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico. Smithsonian Institution Press. Retrieved 2018-04-11.
[8]
Van Achterberg, Cornelis; Chen, Xuexin (2004). "Six new genera of Braconidae (Hymenoptera) from China". Zoologische Mededelingen. 78: 77–100.
[9]
Quicke, Donald L.J.; Ward, Darren F.; Butcher, Buntika A. (2019). "First host record and morphological notes on the rare Chilean wasp Vervoortihelcon scaramozzinoi van Achterberg (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Helconinae, Vervoortihelconini)". Journal of Hymenoptera Research. 68: 13–16. doi:10.3897/jhr.68.32954.