Helochares
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Genus of beetles
| Helochares | |
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| Helochares lividus | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Suborder: | Polyphaga |
| Infraorder: | Staphyliniformia |
| Family: | Hydrophilidae |
| Subfamily: | Hydrophilinae |
| Tribe: | Hydrophilini |
| Genus: | Helochares Mulsant, 1844 |
| Diversity | |
| 158 species + 3 subspecies | |
| Synonyms | |
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Helochares is a genus of water scavenger beetles in the family Hydrophilidae, represented by 161 described species. It is distributed across the Afrotropical, Australasian, Indo-Malayan, Nearctic, and Palearctic realms.[1]
As currently defined, Helochares contains small to medium-sized beetles (2–7 mm), which are yellowish to brown in coloration. There is a lot of variation in the impression of the elytral punctation, and the aedeagal forms are also highly variable (see Figure 37 in Girón and Short 2021).[1] A detailed diagnosis can be found in Girón and Short 2021.[1] Females carry their eggs in a cocoon anchored to the hind femora and held under the abdomen as in several other Hydrophilidae.[2]
Taxonomy
Helochares is one of the largest and most taxonomically problematic genera within the Acidocerinae. It was originally described by Étienne Mulsant in 1844.[3]
For a long time Helochares contained five subgenera: Batochares (currently recognized as a separate genus [4]), Helochares, Helocharimorphus (now synonymized under Helochares [1]), Hydrobaticus (now synonymized under Helochares [1]), and Sindolus (currently recognized as a separate genus [4]).
Several taxa that used to be recognized as typical Helochares are now assigned to newly created genera (e.g., Colossochares, Novochares) or re-assigned to exinsting genera (i.e., Peltochares), based on a phylogenetic analysis based on molecular data.[4]
Species
- Helochares aeacus Balfour-Browne, 1952 [5]
- Helochares aethiopicus d'Orchymont, 1939 [6]
- Helochares alberti d'Orchymont, 1943 [7]
- Helochares alcimus d'Orchymont, 1943 [8]
- Helochares alcinous Balfour-Browne, 1948 [9]
- Helochares altus d'Orchymont, 1943 [10]
- Helochares anchoralis Sharp, 1890 [11]
- Helochares ancoroides Hebauer, 2001 [12]
- Helochares anchoralis expansus Knisch, 1921
- Helochares andreinii d'Orchymont, 1939 [13]
- Helochares androgynus Hebauer, 1996 [14]
- Helochares anthonyae Watts, 1995 [15]
- Helochares balfourbrownei Hansen, 1999 [16]
- Helochares basilewskyi Balfour-Browne, 1957 [17]
- Helochares bilardoi Hebauer, 2009 [18]
- Helochares blaesus d'Orchymont, 1936
- Helochares bohemani d'Orchymont, 1936
- Helochares camerunensis d'Orchymont, 1939
- Helochares cancellatus Hebauer, 1998 [19]
- Helochares championi Sharp, 1882 [20]
- Helochares chappuisi Balfour-Browne, 1952 [21]
- Helochares clypeatus (Blackburn, 1891)
- Helochares collarti d'Orchymont, 1939
- Helochares compactus Hebauer, 2001 [12]
- Helochares conformis Hebauer, 1995 [22]
- Helochares congoensis d'Orchymont, 1939
- Helochares congruens d'Orchymont, 1939
- Helochares conjectus d'Orchymont, 1939
- Helochares crenatostriatus Régimbart, 1903
- Helochares crenatuloides d'Orchymont, 1943
- Helochares crenatus Régimbart, 1903
- Helochares crepitus Balfour-Browne, 1950 [23]
- Helochares cresphontes d'Orchymont, 1939
- Helochares crespulus d'Orchymont, 1939
- Helochares crispus d'Orchymont, 1939
- Helochares dalhuntyi Watts, 1995 [15]
- Helochares densepunctus Régimbart, 1907
- Helochares densus Sharp, 1890 [11]
- Helochares dentalus d'Orchymont, 1943
- Helochares denudatus d'Orchymont, 1943
- Helochares depactus d'Orchymont, 1939
- Helochares diductus d'Orchymont, 1939
- Helochares didymoides Balfour-Browne, 1947
- Helochares didymus d'Orchymont, 1939
- Helochares difficilis d'Orchymont, 1939
- Helochares dilutus (Erichson, 1843)
- Helochares dilutus consputus Boheman, 1851 [24]
- Helochares dimorphus d'Orchymont, 1939
- Helochares distinctus Jia & Tang, 2021 [25]
- Helochares dollmani Balfour-Browne, 1950
- Helochares dolus d'Orchymont, 1939
- Helochares egregius Balfour-Browne, 1952
- Helochares endroedyi Hebauer, 1996 [14]
- Helochares fratris Hebauer, 2003 [26]
- Helochares fulgurans Hebauer, 1995 [27]
- Helochares fuliginosus d'Orchymont, 1932 [28]
- Helochares goticus Hebauer, 1996
- Helochares guoi Yang & Jia, 2021 [25]
- Helochares hainanensis Dong and Bian, 2021 [29]
- Helochares hiekei Hebauer, 1995 [27]
- Helochares insolitus d'Orchymont, 1925
- Helochares interjectus Hebauer, 1998 [19]
- Helochares iteratus Hebauer, 1996 [14]
- Helochares itylus Balfour-Browne, 1952
- Helochares ivani Hebauer, 1996
- Helochares kerstinneumanni Hebauer, 2009 [18]
- Helochares knischi d'Orchymont, 1939
- Helochares laevis Short and Girón, 2018 [30]
- Helochares lamprus d'Orchymont, 1940
- Helochares lentus Sharp, 1890 [11]
- Helochares lepidus d'Orchymont, 1943
- Helochares leptinus d'Orchymont, 1943
- Helochares letus d'Orchymont, 1943
- Helochares livianus d'Orchymont, 1939
- Helochares lividoides Hansen and Hebauer, 1988 [31]
- Helochares lividus (Forster, 1771)
- Helochares lobatus d'Orchymont, 1948
- Helochares lollius d'Orchymont, 1939
- Helochares loticus Hebauer, 1998 [19]
- Helochares loweryae Watts, 1995 [15]
- Helochares luridus (MacLeay, 1871)
- Helochares lutulentus Balfour-Browne, 1952
- Helochares maculatus Hebauer, 1988 [32]
- Helochares maculicollis Mulsant, 1844 [3]
- Helochares madli Hebauer, 2002 [33]
- Helochares marreensis Watts, 1995 [15]
- Helochares mecarus d'Orchymont, 1939
- Helochares mediastinus d'Orchymont, 1939
- Helochares melanophthalmus (Mulsant, 1844) [3]
- Helochares mendosus Hebauer, 1996 [14]
- Helochares mentinotus Kuwert, 1888
- Helochares menulus d'Orchymont, 1943
- Helochares meracus Balfour-Browne, 1950
- Helochares mersus d'Orchymont, 1939
- Helochares minax d'Orchymont, 1939
- Helochares minor d'Orchymont, 1925
- Helochares minusculus d'Orchymont, 1943
- Helochares namcatensis Hebauer, 2002 [33]
- Helochares nebridius d'Orchymont, 1940
- Helochares negatus Hebauer, 1995
- Helochares neglectus (Hope, 1845)
- Helochares nexus Short and Girón, 2018 [30]
- Helochares nigrifrons Brancsik, 1893
- Helochares nigripalpis Hebauer and Hendrich, 1999 [34]
- Helochares nigritulus Kuwert, 1889
- Helochares nigroseriatus Hebauer, 1998 [19]
- Helochares niobelus d'Orchymont, 1939
- Helochares nipponicus Hebauer, 1995 [27]
- Helochares normatus (LeConte, 1861)
- Helochares notaticollis Régimbart, 1906
- Helochares notaticollis curtus Régimbart, 1906
- Helochares obliquus Mart, İncekara and Karaca, 2010 [35]
- Helochares obscurus (Müller, 1776)
- Helochares opacus Hebauer, 2009 [18]
- Helochares pallens (MacLeay, 1825)
- Helochares parallelus Hebauer, 1999 [36]
- Helochares percyi Watts, 1995 [15]
- Helochares perminutus Hebauer, 1996 [14]
- Helochares phallicus d'Orchymont, 1936
- Helochares politus Short and Girón, 2018 [30]
- Helochares punctatus Sharp, 1869 [37]
- Helochares rugipennis Balfour-Browne, 1958
- Helochares salvazai d'Orchymont, 1919
- Helochares sauteri d'Orchymont, 1943
- Helochares schoedli Hebauer, 1996 [14]
- Helochares schwendingeri Hebauer, 1995 [27]
- Helochares scitulus Balfour-Browne, 1952
- Helochares sechellensis Régimbart, 1903
- Helochares serpentinus Hebauer, 1998 [19]
- Helochares sharpi (Kuwert, 1890) [38]
- Helochares silvester Hebauer, 2009 [18]
- Helochares simulator Knisch, 1922
- Helochares skalei Hebauer, 2002 [33]
- Helochares songi Jia and Tang, 2018
- Helochares steffani Hebauer, 2002 [33]
- Helochares stenius d'Orchymont, 1943
- Helochares striatus (Boheman, 1851) [24]
- Helochares strictus d'Orchymont, 1939
- Helochares strigellus Hebauer, 2002 [33]
- Helochares structus d'Orchymont, 1936
- Helochares sublineatus Hebauer, 2002 [33]
- Helochares subseriatus Hebauer, 2009 [18]
- Helochares subtilis d'Orchymont, 1936
- Helochares sufflavus Balfour-Browne, 1952
- Helochares sylvaticus Balfour-Browne, 1957
- Helochares tamsi Balfour-Browne, 1947
- Helochares tatei (Blackburn, 1896)
- Helochares tengchongensis Dong and Bian, 2021 [29]
- Helochares tenuistriatus Régimbart, 1908
- Helochares tertius Hebauer, 1996 [14]
- Helochares thurmerae Watts, 1995 [15]
- Helochares tristis (MacLeay, 1871)
- Helochares trujillo Short and Girón, 2018 [30]
- Helochares uenoi Matsui, 1995 [39]
- Helochares uhligi Hebauer, 1999 [36]
- Helochares vitalisi d'Orchymont, 1919
- Helochares wagneri Hebauer, 2002 [33]
- Helochares wattsi Hebauer and Hendrich, 1999 [34]
- Helochares wuzhifengensis Dong and Bian, 2021 [29]
- Helochares yangae Hebauer, Hendrich, and Balke, 1999 [40]
- Helochares zamora Short and Girón, 2018 [30]
References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Helochares.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Girón, Jennifer C.; Short, Andrew Edward Z. (2021-06-18). "The Acidocerinae (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae): taxonomy, classification, and catalog of species". ZooKeys (1045): 1–236. doi:10.3897/zookeys.1045.63810. ISSN 1313-2970. PMC 8233300. PMID 34228772.
- ↑ Nishijima, Yu; Hironaka, Mantaro (2023). "Egg Cocoon-Carrying Behavior in Female Water Scavenger Beetle, Helochares nipponicus (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae), Functions to Increase Offspring Fitness and Survivability". Journal of Insect Behavior. 36 (2): 133–141. doi:10.1007/s10905-023-09828-5. ISSN 0892-7553.
- 1 2 3 Mulsant, E. (1844). Histoire naturelle des coléoptères de France: Palpicornes. Vol. 5. Maison.
- 1 2 3 Short, Andrew Edward Z.; Girón, Jennifer C.; Toussaint, Emmanuel F. A. (2021). "Evolution and biogeography of acidocerine water scavenger beetles (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) shaped by Gondwanan vicariance and Cenozoic isolation of South America". Systematic Entomology. 46 (2): 380–395. doi:10.1111/syen.12467. ISSN 1365-3113. S2CID 232264478.
- ↑ Balfour-Browne, J. (1952). "Contribution à l'étude du peuplement de la Mauritanie. Coléoptères Hydrophilides". Bulletin de l'Institut français d'Afrique noire. 14 (2): 513–517.
- ↑ d’Orchymont, A. (1939). "L'Helochares minutissimus Kuwert, vrai". Bulletin et Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique. 79: 196–198.
- ↑ d’Orchymont, A. (1943). "Nouvelles notes sur les Helochares (Hydrobaticus) (Coleoptera Palpi-cornia Hydrophilidae)". Bulletin du Musée royal d'Histoire naturelle de Belgique. 19 (20): 1–12.
- ↑ d’Orchymont, A. (1943). "Nouvelles notes sur les Helochares (Hydrobaticus). (Coleoptera Palpicornia Hydrophilidae)". Bulletin du Musée royal d'Histoire naturelle de Belgique. 19 (20): 1–12.
- ↑ Balfour-Browne, J. (1947-12-01). "LXXV.—New East African Palpicornia". Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 14 (120): 817–833. doi:10.1080/00222934708654695. ISSN 0374-5481.
- ↑ d’Orchymont, A. (1943). "Palpicornia (Coleoptera) VI". Bulletin du Musée royal d'histoire na-turelle de Belgique. 19 (60): 1–12.
- 1 2 3 Sharp, David (1890). "IX. On some aquatic Coleoptera from Ceylon". Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London. 38 (2): 339–359. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2311.1890.tb03026.x. ISSN 1365-2311.
- 1 2 Hebauer, F. (2001). "Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Hydrophilidae von Neuguinea. Ergebnisse der zoologischen Forschungsreisen von M. Balke und L. Hendrich nach West Neuguinea (Irian Jaya) in den Jahren 1990–1998 (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)". Acta Coleopterologica. 17 (1): 3–72.
- ↑ d’Orchymont, A. (1939). "Helochares (Hydrobaticus) Andreinii n. sp. H. melanophthalmus Régimbart, 1905 (nec Mulsant, non Reiche)". Redia. 25: 319–323.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Hebauer, F. (1996). "Synopsis der afrikanischen Arten der Gattung Helochares Mulsant (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae)". Acta Coleopterologica. 12: 3–38.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Watts, C.H.S. (1995). "Revision of the Australasian genera Agraphydrus Rogimbart, Chasmogenus Sharp and Helochares Mulsant (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)". Records of the South Australian Museum. 28 (1): 113–130.
- ↑ Hansen, M. (1999). World catalogue of insects (Volume 2). Hydrophiloidea (s. str.) (Coleoptera). Stenstrup: Apollo Books. pp. 414 pp.
- ↑ Balfour-Browne, J (1957). "Contributions à l'étude de la faune entomologique du Ruanda-Urun-di (Mission P. Basilewsky 1953). CXVIII. Coleoptera Hydrophilidae". Annales du Musée Royal du Congo Belge, Zool. 58: 14–25.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Hebauer, F. (2009). "Five new species of the genus Helochares MacLeay, 1871 from Gabon and the Congo (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)". Acta Coleopterologica. 25: 3–8.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Hebauer, F. (1998). "Six new species of the genus Helochares Mulsant, 1844, subgenus Hydrobaticus Mac Leay, 1871 from Africa and Asia (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)". Acta Coleopterologica. 14: 41–46.
- ↑ Sharp, D. (1882). Fam. Hydrophilidae. In: Biologia Centrali-Americana Insecta. Coleoptera. Volume 1. Part 2. Vol. 1. pp. 53–80.
- ↑ Balfour-Browne, J. (1952). "Mission A. Villiers au Togo et au Dahomey (1950). VII. Coléoptères Hydrophilides". Bulletin de l'Institut français d'Afrique noire. 14: 126–139.
- ↑ Hebauer, Franz (1995). "Die Hydrophilidae und Spercheidae Namibias Unter Berücksichtigung des Materials der Namibia-Expedition des Museums für Naturkunde Berlin 1992, ergänzt durch Nachweise aus früheren Namibia- und Kalahari-Expeditionen (Coleoptera, Hydrophiloidea : Hydrophilidae et Spercheidae)". Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin. Zoologisches Museum und Institut für Spezielle Zoologie (Berlin) (in German). 71 (2): 251–275. doi:10.1002/mmnz.19950710206. ISSN 1860-0743.
- ↑ Balfour-Browne, J. (1950). "On the aquatic Coleoptera of Northern Rhodesia (Dytiscidae, Gyr-inidae and Palpicornia)". Occasional Papers of the National Museums of Southern Rhodesia. 2 (16): 359–399.
- 1 2 Boheman, C. H. (1851). Insecta Caffrariæ annis 1838–1845 a J. A. Wahlberg col-lecta (Vol. 1). Coleoptera. Holmiæ: Fritze & Norstedt. pp. 625 pp.
- 1 2 Yang, Zhenming; Jia, Fenglong; Tang, Yudan; Jiang, Lu (2021-12-16). "Two new species of Helochares, with additional faunistic records from China (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae, Acidocerinae)". ZooKeys (1078): 57–83. doi:10.3897/zookeys.1078.73458. ISSN 1313-2970. PMC 8702532. PMID 35068953.
- ↑ Hebauer, F. (2003). "Checklist of the Malagasy Helochares with description of a new species (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)". Acta Coleopterologica. 19 (1): 67–69.
- 1 2 3 4 Hebauer, F. (1995). "Neues zu den Acidocerina Hansen (Helocharae d'Orchymont) der indomalaiischen Region (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae)". Acta Coleopterologica. 11 (3): 3–14.
- ↑ Hendrich, Lars; Yang, C.M. (1999). "A contribution to the knowledge of the water beetle fauna of Palau Tioman, peninsular Malaysia (Coleoptera: Noteridae, Dytiscidae, Hydrophilidae, Hydraenidae, Scirtidae, Limnichidae)" (PDF). The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 6: 253–262. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 25, 2015.
- 1 2 3 Dong, Xue; Bian, Dongju (2021-03-29). "Three new species and two new records of Helochares (Hydrobaticus) MacLeay, 1871 from China (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Acidocerinae)". Zootaxa. 4950 (1): 166–180. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4950.1.9. ISSN 1175-5334. PMID 33903325. S2CID 233410003.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Short, A. E. Z.; Girón, J. C. (2018-04-09). "Review of the Helochares (Hydrobaticus) MacLeay of the New World (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Acidocerinae)". Zootaxa. 4407 (1): 29–50. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4407.1.2. ISSN 1175-5334. PMID 29690204.
- ↑ Hansen, Michael; Hebauer, Franz (1988-01-01). "A new species of Helochares from Israel, with a key to the European and some Near East species (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)". Insect Systematics & Evolution. 19 (1): 27–30. doi:10.1163/187631289X00023. ISSN 1876-312X.
- ↑ Hebauer, F. (1988). "Hydrophiloidea aus Namibia (Coleoptera; Hydrophilidae, Spercheidae)". Bonner zoologische Beiträge. 39: 153–161.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Hebauer, F. (2002). "New Hydrophilidae of the Old World (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae)". Acta Coleopterologica. 18 (3): 3–24.
- 1 2 Hebauer, Franz; Hendrich, Lars (1999). "Two new species of Helochares from Northern Australia (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)". Entomological Problems. 30 (1): 47–51.
- ↑ Mart, Abdullah; Incekara, Umit; Karaca, Hanifi (2010). "A new species and records of Hydrophiliae (Coleoptera) from Turkey" (PDF). Turkish Journal of Zoology. 34: 297–303. doi:10.3906/zoo-0905-29. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 25, 2015.
- 1 2 Hebauer, F. (1999). "Neue und wenig bekannte Hydrophiloidea aus dem südlichen Afrika (Co-leoptera: Hydrophiloidea)". Acta Coleopterologica. 15 (2): 7–16.
- ↑ Sharp, D. (1869). "Description of a new species of Philhydrus". Entomologist's Monthly Magazine. 5: 240–241.
- ↑ Kuwert, A. (1890). "Bestimmungs-Tabellen der europäischen Coleopteren. XIX. Heft. Hydroph-ilidae. I. Abteilung: Hydrophilini". Verhandlungen des naturforschenden Vereins in Brünn. 28 [1889]: 1–121.
- ↑ Matsui, E. (1995). "A new species of the genus Helochares (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae) from Japan, with a key to the Japanese species of the subgenus Hydrobaticus". Special Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Coleopterology. 4: 317–322.
- ↑ Hebauer, Franz; Hendrich, Lars; Balke, Michael (1999). "A contribution to the knowledge of the water beetle fauna (Col. Hydradephaga, Hydrophiloidea and Staphylinoidea) of a tropical freshwater lake: Tasek Cini, Pahang, West Malaysia" (PDF). The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 47 (2): 333–348. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 25, 2015.
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