Help:IPA/Central Italian
Wikipedia key to pronunciation of Central Italian
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The charts below show the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) representations of Central and Tuscan Italian pronunciations. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.
 | This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Central Italian on Wikipedia. It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Central Italian in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing consensus on the talk page first. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. |
Standard Italian phonemes, in bold, are followed by their most common phonetic values and their respective occurrence among dialects. Unless otherwise noted, unmentioned dialectal realizations are the same as for Standard Italian (e.g. Tuscan andando is [anˈdando], not [anˈnanno], and is therefore not listed below). Examples in the chart are spelled in Standard Italian.
The phonological processes described in the notes are normally valid at word boundaries as well.
| Phoneme | Phones | Examples | Occurrence | English approximation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| b | b | orbo, base, sembrare | all dialects | base |
| libertà, una bibita | Tuscany and easternmost Umbria | |||
| bː | most non-Tuscan dialects[2] | rib bone | ||
| m | gamba, cambio | Rome, areas of Marche and southern Umbria[3] | mate | |
| d | d | addentare, perdere | all dialects | date |
| l | scaldare | parts of Marche | late | |
| n | andando, sindaco | Rome, areas of Marche and southern Umbria[3] | nose | |
| dz[4] | dz | gazza, manzo | all dialects[5] | lads |
| dʒ | dʒ | Sergio, un giro | all dialects | jade |
| dːʒ | logica, la gente | most non-Tuscan dialects[2] | mad joker | |
| ʒ | Tuscany and easternmost Umbria[6] | leisure | ||
| f | f | figli, effetto, confondere | all dialects | fade |
| ɡ | ɡ | magro, agghindare | all dialects | game |
| j | j | maiali, chiave | all dialects | Yale |
| k | ɡ | ancora, in chiesa | Sabina, Marche, Ciociaria, areas of Umbria[7] | game |
| k | palchi, accanto | all dialects | scale | |
| k̬ | amico, la cura | southern Tuscany and Lazio[8] | this game | |
| h | most of Tuscany and easternmost Umbria[8] | hay | ||
| l | l | ala, bellezza | all dialects | lane |
| r ɾ |
soldi, molto | Lazio, parts of Marche and southern Umbria | carro or caro in Spanish | |
| ʎ[4] | j | maglio, tigli | Lazio | vermilion or vermilion |
| ʎ | other dialects | |||
| m | m | temperamento, ammirare | all dialects | main |
| n | n | annona, lancio | all dialects[9] | nine |
| ɲ | con gnomi | canyon | ||
| ŋ | ingordo, ovunque | ring | ||
| ɱ | inverno, canfora | comfit | ||
| m | buon pasto, in modo tale | main | ||
| ɲ[4] | ɲ | bagno, spegnere | all dialects | canyon |
| p | b | tempo, in piazza | Sabina, Marche, Ciociaria, areas of Umbria[7] | base |
| p | pattini, arpa | all dialects | space | |
| p̬ | dopo, i pini | southern Tuscany and Lazio[8] | this base | |
| ɸ | most of Tuscany and easternmost Umbria[8] | between fay and pay | ||
| r | r ɾ |
cortometraggio, arrivo | all dialects[10] | carro or caro in Spanish |
| s | s | sospiro, anglosassone | all dialects[11] | same |
| ts | insieme, perso | rats | ||
| ʃ | sospiro, anglosassone | southern areas of Umbria and Marche | shade | |
| ʃ[4] | conscia, cuscino | all dialects | ||
| t | d | tarantola, in Toscana | Sabina, Marche, Ciociaria, areas of Umbria[7] | date |
| t | costoletta, a Taranto | all dialects | state | |
| t̬ | ditata, la tavola | southern Tuscany and Lazio[8] | this date | |
| θ | most of Tuscany and easternmost Umbria[8] | thane | ||
| ts[4] | ts | pazza, danzo, Lazio | all dialects[5] | rats |
| tʃ | dʒ | conceria | Sabina, Marche, Ciociaria, areas of Umbria[7] | jade |
| tʃ | ciao, nel cielo | all dialects[4][6] | chap | |
| ʃ | cacio, ora di cena | shade | ||
| v | v | cavallo, avremo | all dialects | vane |
| w | w | squallido, guardare | all dialects | waste |
| z | z | risma, bismuto | all dialects | laze |
| rosa, visivo | Tuscany and easternmost Umbria | |||
| s | most non-Tuscan dialects | same |
| Phoneme | Phones | Occurrence | English approximation |
|---|---|---|---|
| a | a | all dialects | between fat and father[13] |
| e | e | all dialects | fader |
| ɛ | non-Tuscan dialects[14] | feather | |
| ɛ | all dialects | ||
| e | non-Tuscan dialects[14] | fader | |
| jɛ[15] | je | certain non-Tuscan dialects | yet |
| jɛ | other dialects | ||
| i | i | all dialects | eat |
| o | o | all dialects | story |
| ɔ | non-Tuscan dialects[14] | off | |
| ɔ | all dialects | ||
| o | non-Tuscan dialects[14] | story | |
| wɔ[15] | ɔ | all dialects | off |
| u | u | all dialects | cool |
| Phoneme | Phones | Occurrence | English approximation |
|---|---|---|---|
| a | a | all dialects | between fat and father[13] |
| e | e | all dialects | fader |
| i | certain non-Tuscan dialects[16] | eat | |
| i | all dialects | ||
| e | certain non-Tuscan dialects[16] | fader | |
| o | o | all dialects | story |
| u | Sabina, southern areas of Umbria and Marche[17] | cool | |
| u | all dialects |
| IPA | Explanation |
|---|---|
| ˈ | primary stress indicator (placed before the stressed syllable) |
| ˌ | secondary stress indicator (placed before the stressed syllable) |
| . | syllable separation indicator |
| ː | long vowel or geminated consonant indicator |