Help:IPA/Malayalam

Wikipedia key to pronunciation of Malayalam From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Malayalam pronunciations. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

More information Consonants, IPA ...
Consonants
IPAMalayalamISO 15919English approximation
k ക k sky
kʰ ഖ kh key
ɡ ഗ g ago
ɡʱ ഘ gh loghouse
ŋ ങ ṅ sink
t͡ʃ ച c church
t͡ʃʰ ഛ ch church
d͡ʒ ജ j object
d͡ʒʱ ഝ jh hedgehog
ɲ ഞ ñ canyon
ʈ ട ṭ butter (retroflex)
ʈʰ ഠ ṭh pothole (retroflex)
ɖ ഡ ḍ puddle (retroflex)
ɖʱ ഢ ḍh redhead but retroflex
ɳ ണ/ൺ[a] ṇ pun but retroflex
t̪ ത t thank but plosive
t̪ʰ ഥ th withhold but plosive
d̪ ദ d that but plosive
d̪ʱ ധ dh withhold but voiced and plosive
n̪ ന n month
n ഩ/ന[b]/ൻ[a] ṉ spin
p പ p spin
pʰ ഫ[c] ph pin
f f fin
b ബ b about
bʱ ഭ bh clubhouse
m മ m mall
j യ/-്യ[d] y yes
ɾ ര/-്ര[e] r American English atom
l ല/ൽ[a] l list
ʋ വ/-്വ[d] v curve
ʃ ശ ś shoe
ʂ ഷ ṣ shoe (retroflex)
s സ s so
h ഹ h head
ɭ ള/ൾ[a] ḷ pull (retroflex)
ɻ ഴ ḻ range
r റ/ർ[a]/-്ര[e] ṟ Scottish English run
t റ്റ ṯ stalk
nd ൻ്റ ṉḏ indicate
Vowels
IPA MalayalamISO 15919English approximation
ɐ അ a fun (short)
ə[f] അ a about
aː ാ, ആ ā father (long)
i ി, ഇ i sit (short)
iː ീ, ഈ ī seat (long)
u ു, ഉ u full (short)
uː ൂ, ഊ ū fool (long)
r̩ ൃ, ഋ r̥ caterer
e െ, എ e bet (short)
eː േ, ഏ ē there (long)
o ൊ, ഒ o got (short)
oː ോ, ഓ ō story (long)
ai ൈ, ഐ ai mile
au ൗ, ൌ[g], ഔ au foul
ɨ ്, ു്[h] ŭ potato
Suprasegmentals
IPA
ˈ stress
(placed before stressed syllable)
Close

Notes

  1. [a]
    Pure consonant without implicit vowel. Found within consonant clusters and at the ends of words.
  2. [b]
    modern orthography uses ന for both /n̪/ and /n/, and ഩ is no longer used.
  3. [c]
    ഫ is used for both /f/ and /pʰ/.
  4. [d]
    Post-base ligature element.
  5. [e]
    Pre-base ligature element, realized as /r/ or /ɾ/ depending on the preceding consonant.
  6. [f]
    [ə] may occur as an allophone of /a/ in some word-medial and final positions.
  7. [g]
    archaic, modern orthography uses ൗ instead
  8. [h]
    only occurs word finally in standard Malayalam and has no distinct letter, ു് representation is rare

See also

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