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Help:IPA/Sanskrit

Wikipedia key to pronunciation of Sanskrit From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Vedic and Classical Sanskrit and Pali pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see Template:IPA, and Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation § Entering IPA characters.

See shiksha for a more thorough discussion of the sounds of Sanskrit.

Key

More information Consonants, IPA ...
Consonants
IPA[1]Nagari[1]IAST[1] [2]English approximation
b बbabout
bʱ भbhclubhouse
ɕ शśsheep, pronounced more forward, toward the teeth (palatalized)
d[3] दdwidth
dʱ[3] धdhredhead (but dental)
ɖ[3] डḍAmerican bird
ɖʱ[3] ढḍhAmerican birdhouse
dʑ जjjuice, pronounced more forward, toward the teeth (palatalized)
dʑʱ झjhhedgehog
ɡ गgagain
ɡʱ घghloghouse
ɦ हhahead
j यyyak
k कkskin
kʰ खkhkin
l लlleaf
m मmmuch
n नntenth
ɲ ञñcanyon[4]
ɳ णṇAmerican burn[4]
ŋ ङṅsting[4]
p पpspan
pʰ फphpan
r[5] रrIndian roti
s सssoup
ʂ षṣAmerican worship
t[3] तtstable
tʰ[3] थthtable (but dental)
ʈ[3] टṭstable
ʈʰ[3] ठṭhtable
tɕ चcriches, pronounced more forward, toward the teeth (palatalized)
tɕʰ छchchew
ʋ वvbetween wine and vine
Vowels[4][6]
IPANagariIAST[2]English approximation
aː आ, पाābra
ɐ अ, पaabout
ɐi̯[7] ऐ, पैaihi
ɐu̯[8] औ, पौauReceived Pronunciation go
eː[9] ए, पेeScottish wait
i इ, पिisit
iː ई, पीīfeet
oː[10] ओ, पोostory
u उ, पुufull
uː ऊ, पूūfool
Syllabic Consonants
l̩[11] ऌ, पॢ ḷ bottle
l̩ː[12] ॡ, पॣ ḹ longer ḷ
r̩[13] ऋ, पृṛSimilar to rhotic bird
r̩ː[14] ॠ, पॄṝlonger ṛ
Vowel Diacritics
◌̃ ँ◌̃/m̐nasal vowel [ɐ̃], [ãː], [õː], etc.)[4]
h ः[15] ḥ head


Suprasegmentals
IPANagariIAST[2]English equivalent
ˈ◌ stress[16]
(placed before stressed syllable)
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