Henry Rowland Marsden

Henry Marsden was born in Holbeck, Leeds on 20 July 1823 to poor parents, headed by an ex-military father.^[2] Having survived a potential drowning aged 6, he started work aged 7 making "yells" for just one shilling and sixpence.^[3] It is estimated that, aside from his periods crossing the Atlantic, Marsden was never out of work again, gaining new employment always on the same day he lost it, including several apprenticeships in engineering and a position teaching at the Sweet Street Wesleyan Methodist Sunday School, which he had once attended.^[4] Aged 15 Marsden took up one of these apprenticeships and began his lifetime of inventing, culminating with his first original design, a sliver roving machine for the use of flax spinners.^[5] By the end of his apprenticeship he had married Sarah Hawling, born on 10 December 1826 to a local butcher.^[6][7]

By April 1848 English trade was sufficiently poor that the new Marsden family emigrated to the United States, settling in New York for over a year. Here he began to build up his long list of engineering patents that would become the basis of his wealth, including but not limited to patents for a “cut-off” for steam engines, several sugar mill "improvements", one of the best steam pumps in use for the rest of his life and "improvements" in lathes and planning machines.^[8] The family then moved to Newhaven, Connecticut in 1850, where Marsden's inventions and improvements continued to be conceived and produced, and it was here that he began to truly make a name for himself as a great engineer on the highway to fortune.^[9] In 1855, after a brief return to Leeds in the previous year, Marsden had made that which would make him world-famous amongst engineers; the Stone Crusher, which made profits far greater than Marsden or any of his colleagues could predict as it quickly sold across the globe.^[9] Despite his successes, Marsden's time in America was not without setbacks, and in 1858 a fire broke out in his store, above which the family lived, destroying effectively all their belongings and stock.^[10] Marsden and a Mr William Hubbell saved Marsden's wife, two daughters and two other children of the family, with Marsden himself very nearly dying from the fumes and sustaining cuts from glass from a window broken by his head, then pushed through with his shoulder to save his four-year-old son.^[10]