Henson Gletscher Formation
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Geologic formation in Greenland
| Henson Gletscher Formation | |
|---|---|
| Stratigraphic range: Cambrian | |
| Type | Formation |
| Location | |
| Country | Greenland |
| Type section | |
| Named for | Henson Gletscher |
The Henson Gletscher Formation is a geologic formation in Greenland. It preserves fossils dating back to the Cambrian period. It is named after the Henson Glacier (Greenland). It preserves numerous phosphatocopines and bradoriids, alongside priapulid larvae such as Inuitiphlaskus[1] and pentastomids like Dietericambria.[2]
Color key
|
Notes Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; |
| Paleobiota | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Genus | Species | Higher taxon | Notes | Images |
| Dietericambria | D. hensoniensis | Pentastomida | The earliest pentastomid fossil known[2] |  |
| Perissopyge | P. phenax | Ptychopariida | Also known from various other formations[3] | |
| Eoagnostus | E. roddyi[4] | Agnostida | ||
| Pagetides | P. elegans[4] | Eodiscida | ||
| Fritzolenellus | F. truemani[4] | Olenelloidea |  | |
| Ovatoryctocara | O. yaxiensis, O. granulata[4] | Oryctocephalidae | ||
| Arthricocephalus | A. chauveaui[4] | Oryctocephalidae |  | |
| Lancastria | L. plana[4] | Oryctocephalidae |  | |
| Protoryctocephalus | P. arcticus[4][5] | Oryctocephalidae | ||
| Eoptychoparia | E. pearylandica[4] | Ptychopariidae | ||
| Bonnia | B. brennus[4] | Dorypygidae | ||
| Neopagetina | N. rjonsnitzkii[5] | Hebediscidae | ||
| Haliplanktos | H. jishouensis[5] | Oryctocephalidae | ||
| Oryctocephalus | O. indica[5] | Oryctocephalidae | Indicator for transition between Cambrian Series 2 and 3 |  |
| Onchocephalus? | O?. freucheni[5] | Ptychopariida | ||
| Bathyuriscus | B. sp | Dolichometopidae | Also known from the Burgess Shale[6] |  |
| Glossopleura | G. walcotti | Dolichometopidae | Quite widespread across North America[6] | .jpg) |
| Kootenia | K. nodosa[6] | Dorypygidae | May be synonymous with Olenoides? |  |
| Hartshillia | H. inflata[6] | Corynexochida | ||
| Olenoides | O. sp[6] | Dorypygidae | One of the best-known trilobites thanks to fossils from the Burgess Shale |  |
| Bolaspidella | B. sp[6] | Ptychoparioidea | ||
| Ogygopsis | O. klotzi, O. typicalis, O. batis, O. virgata[5][4][6] | Dorypygidae | Very common in the Burgess Shale, but rare elsewhere |  |
| Parasolenopleura | P. aculeata[6] | Solenopleuridae | ||
| Zacanthoides | Z. blakeri[6][5] | Corynexochida | ||
| Elrathia | E. sp[6] | Alokistocaridae | Incredibly abundant in the Wheeler Shale |  |
| Syspacephalus | S. spp | Ptychopariidae | Known from three separate undescribed species[6] | |
| Eodiscus | E. scanicus[6] | Eodiscidae | ||
| Costadiscus | C. minutus[6] | Eodiscida | ||
| Mongolitubulus | M. squamifer, M. reticulatus[7] | Arthropoda | Enigmatic sclerite taxon[8] | |
| Navarana | N. pearylandica | Bradoriida | Formerly assigned to Hipponicharion[9] | |
| Liangshanella | ?L. nivalis, L. qassutit[4][7] | Bradoriida |  | |
| Pseudindiana | P. sipa[4] | Phosphatocopida | ||
| Dabashanella | D. retroswinga, D. longa, D?. lunaiformis[7] | Phosphatocopida |  | |
| Onychodictyon | O. sp | Lobopodia | Known from complete fossils in the Maotianshan Shales[10] |  |
| Microdictyon | M. robisoni[4] | Lobopodia | Widespread genus of lobopodian, mostly known from sclerites |  |
| Inuitiphlaskus | I. kouchinskyi | Priapulida | A loricate (with lorica) priapulid larva[1] | |
| Hadimopanella | H. apicata | Palaeoscolecida | Enigmatic sclerite taxon[11] | |
| Blastozoa/“Pelmatozoa” indet. | Unapplicable | Echinodermata | Known from stem fragments and holdfasts[12][13] | |
| Tarimspira | T. artemi | Paraconodontida | Possibly the earliest paraconodont?[14] | |
| Cambroctoconus | C. koori | Octocorallia? | Only otherwise known from Asia[15] | |
| Tavsenicoralla | T. avannaa | Eumetazoa | Branching “corallimorph”, may be a bryozoan?[7] | |
| Olivooides? | O. sp | Medusozoa | Possibly known from very early embryonic stages[16] | |
| Chancelloria | C. sp | Chancelloriidae | An enigmatic fossil known mostly from sclerites |  |
| Allonnia | A. tetrathallis, A. erromenosa,[4] A. quadrocornuformis, A. rossica[7] | Chancelloriidae | An enigmatic fossil known mostly from sclerites |  |
| Thoracospongia | T. lacrimiformis | Amphidiscosida? | Tentatively assigned to the family Stiodermatidae[17] | |
| Dodecaactinella | D. oncera | Calcarea? | Also known from the Ordovician[18] | |
| Eiffelia | E. floriformis | Eiffeliidae | Mainly known from the Burgess Shale[18] |  |
| Abnormisella | A. inseperata | Silicea | Possibly the same as Speciosuspongia?[18] | |
| Australispongia? | A?. inuak | Silicea | Mainly known from other formations in Greenland[18] | |
| Celtispongia | C. dorte | Silicea | Possibly also known from China[18] | |
| Cjulanciella | C. asimmetrica | Silicea | Species name occasionally spelled as asymmetrica[18] | |
| Kuonamia | K. fusiformis | Silicea | Renamed from Disparella[18] | |
| Sanningasoqia | S. borealis | Silicea | Also found in the Holm Dal Formation[18] | |
| Hertzina | H. elongata[4] | Protoconodonta | ||
| Amphigeisina | A. danica[4] | Protoconodonta | ||
| Hagionella | H. cultrata[4] | Protoconodonta | ||
| Gumella | G. cuneata[4] | Protoconodonta | ||
| Gapparodus | G. bisulcatus[4] | Protoconodonta | ||
| Paibiconus | P. proarcuatus[7] | Protoconodonta | ||
| Protowenella | P. flemingi | Orthothecida | Previously thought to be a helcionelloid mollusc[19] | |
| Conotheca | C. hensoni[4] | Circothecidae | ||
| Tulenicornus | T. frykmani[4] | Hyolithida | ||
| Slapylites | S. sp[4] | Hyolithida | ||
| Crestjahitus | C. groenlandicus[7] | Hyolithida | ||
| Yuku | Y. tjurtu[7] | Hyolithida | ||
| Nausakia | N. thulensis | Naukatida | An unusual brachiopod with a hat-like lower valve[20] | |
| Eoobolus | E. priscus[4] | Linguloidea | ||
| Acrothele | A. sp[4] | Acrotheloidea |  | |
| Linnarssonia | L. ?tuberculata | Acrotretida |  | |
| Tesella | T. deplanata[7] | Tommotiida | ||
| Hensoniconus | H. siku | Helcionelloidea | Previously placed in the genus Scenella[21][22] | |
| Vendrascospira | V. frykmani, V. troelseni | Helcionelloidea | Formerly placed within Figurina[22] | |
| Tavseniconus | T. erectus | Stenothecidae | Also known from Morocco[22] | |
| Dorispira | D. accordionata, D. arguta, D. avannga, D. septentrionalis, D. tavsenensis, D. tippik, ?D. penecyrano | Helcionelloidea | A relatively widespread helcionelloid[22] | |
| Parailsanella | P. sp | Helcionelloidea | Only known from one internal mould in Henson Gletscher[22] | |
| Sermeqiconus | S. polaris | Helcionelloidea | Referred tentatively to Figurina[22] | |
| Mellopegma | M. chelata, M. georginense, M. schizocheras | Stenothecidae | Known from hundreds of specimens[22] | |
| Erugoconus | E. acuminatus | Helcionelloidea | Family uncertain[22] | |
| Eotebenna | E. arctica | Helcionelloidea | Only known otherwise from Australia[23] | |
| Yochelcionella | Y. greenlandica, Y. gracilis[24] | Helcionelloidea | Bears an unusual “snorkel” from the back of its shell |  |
| Nyboeconus | N. robisoni | Helcionelloidea | Similar shells were formerly placed as enigmatic fossils[25] | |
| Capitoconus | C. borealis[4] | Helcionelloidea | ||
| Coreospira | C. sp[4] | Helcionelloidea | ||
| Stenothecoides | S. elongata, S. terraglaciei[26] | Stenothecoidea | Enigmatic shelled genus, maybe a brachiopod or mollusc[22] | |
| Stenothecella | S. sibirica | Stenothecoidea | Enigmatic shelled genus, maybe a brachiopod or mollusc[22] | |
| Costipelagiella | C. nevadense | Pelagiellidae[22] | ||
| Hyolithellus | H. micans[4] | Hyolithelminthida | ||
| Torrelella | T. sp[7] | Hyolithelminthida | ||
| Coleoloides | C. typicalis[7] | Hyolithelminthida | ||
| Sphenothallus | S. sp[7] | Conulariida? | Enigmatic holdfast, possibly a conulariid |  |
| Cambrocoryne | C. lagenamorpha | incertae sedis | Bears some similarities to foraminiferans and sclerites of Wiwaxia[27] | |
| Aetholicopalla | A. adnata | incertae sedis | Resembles Archaeooides[7] | |
| Laugephakos | L. groenlandicus | incertae sedis | Resembles hyolithelminthids[7] | |
| Hensonidendra | H. hensoniensis, H. tavsenica | incertae sedis | Resembles bryozoans, “corallimorphs”, and epiphytaceans[7] | |
| Eohyella | E. spp | Cyanobacteria | Resembles modern Hyella[28] |  |
| Girvanella | G. spp[7] | Oscillatoriaceae | ||
| Subtiflora | S. sp[7] | Oscillatoriaceae | ||
| Epiphyton | E. sp[7] | Cyanobacteria | ||
See also
References
- 1 2 Peel, J.S. (31 December 2022). "A priapulid larva from the middle Cambrian (Wuliuan Stage) of North Greenland (Laurentia)". Bulletin of Geosciences: 445–452. doi:10.3140/bull.geosci.1865.
- 1 2 Peel, John S. (3 April 2022). "The oldest tongue worm: a stem-group pentastomid arthropod from the early middle Cambrian (Wuliuan Stage) of North Greenland (Laurentia)". GFF. 144 (2): 97–105. doi:10.1080/11035897.2022.2064543.
- ↑ Stein, Martin; Peel, John S. (June 2008). "Perissopyge (Trilobita) from the lower Cambrian (Series 2, Stage 4) of North America and Greenland". GFF. 130 (2): 71–78. doi:10.1080/11035890801302071.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Peel, John S.; Streng, Michael; Geyer, Gerd; Kouchinsky, Artem; Skovsted, Christian B. (21 August 2020). "'Ovatoryctocara granulata' assemblage (Cambrian series 2-series 3 boundary) of Londal, North Greenland". Australasian Palaeontological Memoirs (49): 241–282.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Geyer, G.; Peel, J.S. (30 September 2011). "The Henson Gletscher Formation, North Greenland, and its bearing on the global Cambrian Series 2–Series 3 boundary". Bulletin of Geosciences: 465–534. doi:10.3140/bull.geosci.1252.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Babcock, L.E (1 January 1994). "Systematics and phylogenetics of polymeroid trilobites from the Henson Gletscher and Kap Stanton formations (Middle Cambrian), North Greenland". Bulletin Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse. 169: 79–127. doi:10.34194/bullggu.v169.6727.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Peel, J. (13 April 2025). "Middle Cambrian (Wuliuan Stage) Small Shelly Fossils from North Greenland (Laurentia)". Bulletin of Geosciences: 1–56. doi:10.3140/bull.geosci.1912.
- ↑ Skovsted, Christian B.; Peel, John S. (31 December 2001). "The problematic fossil Mongolitubulus from the Lower Cambrian of Greenland". Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark. 48: 135–147. doi:10.37570/bgsd-2001-48-07.
- ↑ Peel, John S. (September 2017). "Systematics and biogeography of some early Cambrian (Series 2) bradoriids (Arthropoda) from Laurentia (Greenland)". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 54 (9): 961–972. doi:10.1139/cjes-2017-0101.
- ↑ Topper, Timothy P.; Skovsted, Christian B.; Peel, John S.; Harper, David A.T. (October 2013). "Moulting in the lobopodian Onychodictyon from the lower Cambrian of Greenland". Lethaia. 46 (4): 490–495. doi:10.1111/let.12026.
- ↑ Peel, J.S; Larsen, N.H (31 December 1984). "Hadimopanella apicata from the Lower Cambrian of western North Greenland". Rapport Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse. 121: 89–96. doi:10.34194/rapggu.v121.7875.
- ↑ Clausen, Sebastien; Peel, John S. (September 2012). "Middle Cambrian echinoderm remains from the Henson Gletscher Formation of North Greenland". GFF. 134 (3): 173–200. doi:10.1080/11035897.2012.721003.
- ↑ Peel, John S. (3 July 2017). "The oldest pelmatozoan encrusted hardground and holdfasts from Laurentia (Cambrian Series 2–3)". GFF. 139 (3): 195–204. doi:10.1080/11035897.2017.1347196.
- ↑ Peel, John S. (January 2019). "Tarimspira from the Cambrian (Series 2, Stage 4) of Laurentia (Greenland): extending the skeletal record of paraconodontid vertebrates". Journal of Paleontology. 93 (1): 115–125. doi:10.1017/jpa.2018.68.
- ↑ Peel, John S. (September 2017). "A problematic cnidarian ( Cambroctoconus ; Octocorallia?) from the Cambrian (Series 2–3) of Laurentia". Journal of Paleontology. 91 (5): 871–882. doi:10.1017/jpa.2017.49.
- ↑ Peel, John S.; Willman, Sebastian (March 2022). "Cavity-dwelling microorganisms from the Ediacaran and Cambrian of North Greenland (Laurentia)". Journal of Paleontology. 96 (2): 243–255. doi:10.1017/jpa.2021.96.
- ↑ Peel, John S. (3 July 2017). "First records from Laurentia of some middle Cambrian (Series 3) sponge spicules". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 41 (3): 306–314. doi:10.1080/03115518.2017.1282983.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Peel, John S. (3 April 2019). "Sponge spicule assemblages from the Cambrian (Series 2–3) of North Greenland (Laurentia): systematics and biogeography". GFF. 141 (2): 133–161. doi:10.1080/11035897.2019.1578261.
- ↑ Peel, John S. (2 October 2021). "In-place operculum demonstrates that the Middle Cambrian Protowenella is a hyolith and not a mollusc". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 45 (4): 385–394. doi:10.1080/03115518.2021.2004225.
- ↑ Streng, Michael; Butler, Aodhán D.; Peel, John S.; Garwood, Russell J.; Caron, Jean-Bernard (March 2016). "A new family of Cambrian rhynchonelliformean brachiopods ( Order Naukatida) with an aberrant coral-like morphology". Palaeontology. 59 (2): 269–293. doi:10.1111/pala.12226.
- ↑ Peel, John S. (3 July 2023). "Muscle scars in Miaolingian helcionelloids from Laurentia and the diversity of muscle scar patterns in Cambrian univalve molluscs". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 47 (3): 221–233. doi:10.1080/03115518.2023.2243501.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Peel, John S.; Kouchinsky, Artem (22 April 2022). "Middle Cambrian (Miaolingian Series, Wuliuan Stage) molluscs and mollusc-like microfossils from North Greenland (Laurentia)". Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark. 70: 69–104. doi:10.37570/bgsd-2022-70-06.
- ↑ Peel, John S. (1 July 1989). "A Lower Cambrian Eotebenna (Mollusca) from Arctic North America". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 26 (7): 1501–1503. doi:10.1139/e89-127.
- ↑ Atkins, Christian J.; Benthe, H. F.; Haberland, G. (20 October 2004). "New species of Yochelcionella (Mollusca: Helcionelloida) from the Lower Cambrian of North Greenland". Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark. 51: 1–9. doi:10.37570/bgsd-2004-51-01.
- ↑ Peel, J.S (1 January 1994). "An enigmatic cap-shaped fossil from the Middle Cambrian of North Greenland". Bulletin Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse. 169: 149–155. doi:10.34194/bullggu.v169.6729.
- ↑ Peel, J.S. (1 October 2021). "Ontogeny, morphology and pedicle attachment of stenothecoids from the middle Cambrian of North Greenland (Laurentia)". Bulletin of Geosciences: 381–399. doi:10.3140/bull.geosci.1839.
- ↑ Peel, J. S. (2023). "A phosphatised fossil Lagerstätte from the middle Cambrian (Wuliuan Stage) of North Greenland (Laurentia)". Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark. 72: 102–122. doi:10.37570/bgsd-2023-72-03. S2CID 259807172.
- ↑ Stockfors, Martin; Peel, John S. (September 2005). "Endolithic Cyanobacteria from the Middle Cambrian of North Greenland". GFF. 127 (3): 179–185. doi:10.1080/11035890501273179.
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