Historical Chinese anthems
National anthems of the Qing dynasty and Republic of China
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Historical Chinese anthems comprise a number of official and unofficial national anthems of China composed during the Qing dynasty and the Republic of China.
"Chinese national anthem" may refer to:
"March of the Volunteers" of the People's Republic of China
"National Anthem of the Republic of China" of the Republic of China
Tune of Li Zhongtang
Quasi-official
In 1896, for purposes of diplomatic missions to Western Europe and Russia, Li Hongzhang (Zhongtang being a term of respect for a vizier or prime minister) employed in political lyrics combined with classical Chinese music to create a song later known as the "Tune of Li Zhongtang" (æä¸å æ¨).
|
é殿ç¶é ç´«é£éï¼ |
With a golden palace above his head, and fold upon fold of purple pavilions, |
Praise the Dragon Flag
Quasi-official
After the Department of the Army was established in 1906, Praise the Dragon Flag became the army song, and has been played at formal occasions overseas.
|
æ¼æ¯è¬å¹´ï¼ |
Here for ten thousand years, |
¹ å usually means one trillion (1012), but it could mean one million (106), and should have that value here in the song for factual accuracy. See Chinese numerals for details.
Cup of Solid Gold (1911â1912)
Official
Cup of Solid Gold became the first official national anthem of the Qing Empire in less than a week when the Wuchang Uprising occurred in 1911. It lasted for about four months until the end of the empire and the establishment of the Republic of China. It is in classical Chinese.
Song of Five Races Under One Union
Provisional
After the establishment of the provisional government in Nanjing, the Ministry of Education under Cai Yuanpei asked the public for possible anthems (as well as coats of arms), and "Song of Five Races under One Union" (äºæå ±åæ), with lyrics by Shen Enfu (æ²æ©å) and music by Shen Pengnian (æ²å½å¹´), was released as a draft in the newspaper.
|
äºæ±éåä¸è¯æ©ï¼ é£æäºè²æï¼ æåèï¼ |
Yà dÅng kÄihuà zhÅnghuá zÇo, PiÄoyáng wÇsè qÃ, WÇ tóngbÄo, |
China, East Asiaâs earliest civilisation, |
How Great is Our China!
Unofficial
Also called "Patriotic Song" (æåæ), "How Great is Our China!" (泱泱åï¼æä¸è¯ï¼) has lyrics written by Liang Qichao and music by overseas Chinese at Datong School (大åå¸æ ¡), Yokohama. Released in 1912, it became quite popular, especially among students.[1]
| Chinese | Transliteration | Translation |
|---|---|---|
| 泱泱åï¼æä¸è¯ï¼ | YÄng yÄng zÄi, wÇ zhÅng huá! | How great is our China! |
| æ大洲ä¸æ大åï¼ | Zuì dà zhÅu zhÅng zuì dà guó, | The largest nation of the largest continent. |
| 廿äºè¡ççºä¸å®¶ï¼ | nià n èr háng shÄng wéi yÄ« jiÄ, | Twenty-two administered provinces are one family. |
| ç©ç¢è ´æ²ç²å¤©å° | wù chÇn yú wò jiÇ tiÄndì, | Rich products and fertile land are the first in the world. |
| 天åºéåè¨éèªã | tiÄn fÇ xióng guó yán fÄi kuÄ. | Calling this strong nation heaven on earth is not boasting. |
| åä¸è¦è±æ¥ååä¸å³¶å°æèµ·ï¼ | JÅ«n bù jià n yÄ«ng rì qÅ« qÅ« sÄn dÇo shà ng jué qÇ, | Don't you see: Britain and Japan, only three islands, still prosper. |
| æ³ä¹å å æä¸è¯ï¼ | kuà ng nÇi táng táng wÇ zhÅng huá! | How much more our great China? |
| çµæåé«ï¼ | Jié chéng tuán tÇ, | Join as one body. |
| æ¯æç²¾ç¥ï¼ | zhèn wÇ jÄ«ng shén | Excite our spirit. |
| äºåä¸ç´æ°ä¸çï¼ | èr shà shì jì xÄ«n shì jiè, | In this new world of the twentieth century, |
| éé£å®å §çèå«ï¼ | xióng fÄi yÇ nèi chóu yÇ lún? | Strongly soar among fellow mankind of the universe. |
| å¯æåï¼æåæ°ï¼ | KÄ'à i zÄi, wÇ guó mÃn! | How lovely is our people! |
| å¯æåï¼æåæ°ï¼ | KÄ'à i zÄi, wÇ guó mÃn! | How lovely is our people! |
Song to the Auspicious Cloud (1913â1928)
Official
The Song to the Auspicious Cloud has two versions, one used in 1913 and another after 1920.
First version
On April 8, 1913, this national anthem was used in the opening ceremony of the 1st Regular Council; the last line was added by Wang Baorong (汪寶榮), with other lines from Shang Shu; it was set to music by Jeans Hautstont.
|
å¿é²çå
®ï¹ |
How bright is the Auspicious Cloud! |
Second version
In November 1919, Duan Qirui established the National Anthem Research Committee (åæç 究æ), which adopted:
- The lyrics (1920) by Zhang Taiyan (ç« å¤ªç) from the classic "The Song to the Auspicious Cloud" (å¿é²æ) from the Book of Documents.
- The music (1921) by Beijing professor, Xiao Youmei (èåæ¢ ).
The anthem was released in July 1921 by the Department of National Affairs (ååé¢).
|
å¿é²çå
®ï¹ |
How bright is the Auspicious Cloud! |
¹糺 (jiÅ« "collaborate") is sometimes written as ç³¾ (jiÅ« "investigate") or ç¹ (zhÄ« "to web")
China Heroically Stands in the Universe (1915â1921)
Official
After general Yuan Shikai became head of state, the Ritual Regulations Office (禮å¶é¤¨) issued the new official anthem, China Heroically Stands in the Universe (ä¸åéç«å®å®é) in June 1915. Its lyrics were written by Yin Chang (å»æ) and music by Wang Lu (çé²).[2]
|
ä¸åéç«å®å®éï¹ |
China heroically stands in Universe, |
Song of the National Revolution
Provisional
Written by officers of the Whampoa Military Academy, the "Revolution of the Citizens" song (åæ°é©å½æ, Guomin Geming Ge), sung to the tune of "Frère Jacques (commonly known as "Two Tigers" in China)," was released on July 1, 1926.
|
æååå¼·ï¼æååå¼·ï¼ å·¥è¾²å¸å
µï¼å·¥è¾²å¸å
µï¼ æååå¼·ï¼ æååå¼·ï¼ |
DÇdÇo lièqiáng, dÇdÇo lièqiáng, GÅng nóngxué bÄ«ng, gÅng nóngxué bÄ«ng, DÇdÇo lièqiáng, dÇdÇo lièqiáng, |
Overthrow the foreign Powers, Ã 2 Laborers, farmers, students, and soldiers, Ã 2 Overthrow the foreign Powers, Ã 2 |
The Internationale
When the Chinese Soviet Republic was established in 1931, The Internationale in Chinese was decided to be its national anthem, since it followed the ideals of communism, especially the Soviet Union.[4]