Historical urban community sizes
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article lists historical urban community sizes based on the estimated populations of selected human settlements from 7000 BC – AD 2000, organized by archaeological periods.
Many of the figures are uncertain, especially in ancient times. Estimating population sizes before censuses were conducted is a difficult task.[1]
Neolithic settlements
| Town | Location | 7000 BC | 6000 BC | 5000 BC | 4000 BC | 3800 BC | 3700 BC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 'Ain Ghazal | Jordan | 2,000-2,500[2] | |||||
| Beidha | Jordan | 1,000[3] | |||||
| Çatalhöyük | Turkey | 1,000[3][2]–10,000[4] | |||||
| Çayönü | Turkey | 8630-7680[5][6][7] | |||||
| Choirokoitia[8][9][10][11][12][13][14] | Cyprus | 300–600 | 2,000 | ||||
| Lepenski Vir | Serbia | 150–1,000[15][16][17][18][19][20] | |||||
| Nea Nikomedeia | Greece | 500–700[21] | |||||
| Okoliste | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 1,000–3,000[22] | |||||
| Vinča-Belo Brdo | Serbia | 2,000–2,500[23][24] | |||||
| Sesklo | Greece | 1,000–5,000[25][26][27][28] | |||||
| Dobrovody | Ukraine | 16,000[29] | 10,000–16,000[30][31][32] | ||||
| Fedorovka | Ukraine | 6,000[29] | |||||
| Mehrgarh | Pakistan | 1,000–10,000[33] | |||||
| Maydanets | Ukraine | 10,000[29] | 10,000–46,000[a][34] | ||||
| Nebelivka | Ukraine | 17,000[29] | |||||
| Talianki | Ukraine | 15,000–25,000–30,000[29][35][36] | 10,000–15,000[37][38][unreliable source?] | ||||
| Tell Brak | Syria | 4,000[3] | 5,000[3] | ||||
| Uruk | Iraq | 5,000[3] |
Bronze Age
| City | Location | 3700 BC |
3400 BC |
3100 BC |
2800 BC |
2600 BC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adab | Iraq | 11,000[39] | ||||
| Anshan | Iran | 10,000[39] | 10,000[39] | |||
| Bad-tibira | Iraq | 16,000[39] | ||||
| Eridu | Iraq | 6,000–10,000[39] | ||||
| Habuba Kabira | Syria | 6,000–8,000[39] | ||||
| Harappa | Pakistan | 35,000[40] | ||||
| Kish | Iraq | 40,000[39] | ||||
| Lagash | Iraq | 40,000[41] | ||||
| Larak/Larsa | Iraq | 10,000[39] | 10,000[39] | |||
| Manika, Greece[42][43][44][45][46][47][48] | Greece | 6,000–15,000 | 6,000–15,000 | |||
| Memphis | Egypt | 30,000 | ||||
| Mohenjo-daro | Pakistan | 41,250[40] | ||||
| Nekhen | Egypt | 5,000–10,000[39] | ||||
| Nippur | Iraq | 13,000[39] | ||||
| Shahr-i Sokhta | Iran | 20,000[2] | ||||
| Shuruppak | Iraq | 20,000[39] | ||||
| Suheri | 13,000[39] | 10,000[39] | ||||
| Susa | Iran | 8,000[3] | ||||
| Tell Brak | Syria | 8,000[3] | 22,000[39] | 20,000[39] | ||
| Thebes, Greece | Greece | 4,000–6,000[48] | ||||
| Umma | Iraq | 26,000[39] | ||||
| Ur | Iraq | 6,000[39] | ||||
| Uruk | Iraq | 8,000[3] 14,000[39] |
20,000[39] | 40,000[41]–50,000[39] | 80,000[39] | 80,000[41] |
| City | Location | 2500 BC |
2300 BC |
2000 BC |
1800 BC |
1600 BC |
1360 BC |
1200 BC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Athens[49][50] | Greece | 10,000 | 10,000–15,000 | |||||
| Akrotiri (prehistoric city)[51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58] | Greece | 8,000–30,000 | ||||||
| Adab | Iraq | 13,000[39] | 10,000[39] | 10,000[39] | 10,000[39] | |||
| Akkad | Iraq | 36,000[39] | ||||||
| Amarna | Egypt | |||||||
| Anshan | Iran | 10,000[39] | 10,000[39] | 10,000[39] | 10,000[39] | |||
| Avaris/Pi-Ramses | Egypt | 100,000[41] | 160,000[41] | |||||
| Babylon | Iraq | 65,000[3] | 80,000[3] | |||||
| Dur-Kurigalzu | Iraq | |||||||
| Ebla | Syria | 30,000[39] | ||||||
| Erlitou | China | 24,000[3]–35,000[39] | ||||||
| Harappa | Pakistan | 10,000[39] | ||||||
| Hattusa | Turkey | 40,000[59] | 40,000[59] | |||||
| Hazor | Israel | |||||||
| Heliopolis | Egypt | |||||||
| Heracleopolis | Egypt | |||||||
| Isin | Iraq | 40,000[39] | 20,000[39] | |||||
| Kerma | Sudan | |||||||
| Kesh | Iraq | 11,000[39] | ||||||
| Kish | Iraq | 25,000[39] | 10,000[39] | 40,000[41] | ||||
| Knossos[51][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69] | Greece | 1,300–2,000 | 18,000 | 20,000 | 30,000 | |||
| Lagash | Iraq | 40,000[39] | 10,000[39] | 30,000[39][41] | 10,000[39] | |||
| Larak/Larsa | Iraq | 10,000[39] | 40,000[39] | 20,000[39] | ||||
| Manika, Greece[48] | Greece | 6,000–15,000 | 6,000–15,000 | |||||
| Malia | Greece | 5,000–10,000–12,500[51][68] | ||||||
| Mari | Syria | |||||||
| Memphis | Egypt | 30,000[39]–35,000[3] | 60,000[3][39][41] | 30,000[39] | 22,000[70] | 32,000[70] | 50,000[70] | |
| Mohenjo-daro | Pakistan | 20,000[39] | 20,000[39] | 10,000[39] | ||||
| Mozah | 15,000[39] | 15,000[39] | ||||||
| Mycenae | Greece | 20,000[71] | 30,000–35,000[65][72] | 30,000[59] | ||||
| Namazga-Tepe | Turkmenistan | 14,000[39] | 14,000[39] | |||||
| Nekhen | Egypt | 21,000[59] | ||||||
| Niniveh | Iraq | 23,000[59] | 33,000[59] | |||||
| Nippur | Iraq | 20,000[39] | 10,000[39] | 10,000[39] | ||||
| Palaikastro | Greece | 18,000[51][68] | ||||||
| San Lorenzo Tenochtitlán | Mexico | 7,500[73] | ||||||
| Shahr-i Sokhta | Iran | 20,000[39] | 20,000[39] | |||||
| Shuruppak | Iraq | 17,000[39] | ||||||
| Suheri | 10,000[39] | 10,000[39] | 10,000[39] | |||||
| Susa | Iran | 25,000[39] | 25,000[39] | |||||
| Taosi | China | 10,000[3] | 14,000[3] | |||||
| Tell Brak | Syria | 15,000[39] | 15,000[39] | |||||
| Tell Churra | 20,000[39] | |||||||
| Tell Leilan | Syria | 20,000[39] | 20,000[39] | |||||
| Thebes | Egypt | 40,000[39] | 40,000[39] | 80,000[3] | 80,000[3] | |||
| Thebes, Greece[48][74][75] | Greece | 4,000–6,000 | 8,000 | |||||
| Tiryns[48][76][49][50] | Greece | 1,200–1,800 | 10,000 | 10,000–15,000 | ||||
| Umma | Iraq | 34,000[39] | 20,000[39] | 10,000[39] | 20,000[39] | |||
| Ur | Iraq | 60,000[3] 65,000[59] |
||||||
| Uruk | Iraq | 50,000[3][39] | 75,000[3] | |||||
| Yin (Anyang) | China | 50,000[3]–120,000[41] | ||||||
| Zabala | Iraq | 10,000[39] | 10,000[39] | 10,000[39] | ||||
| Zhengzhou | China | 35,000[3] |
Iron Age
| City | Location | 1000 BC |
900 BC |
800 BC |
700 BC |
650 BC |
600 BC |
500 BC |
430 BC |
400 BC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aegina | Greece | 20,000–40,000[77] | 20,000–40,000 | |||||||
| Anuradhapura | Sri Lanka | 48,000[59][70] | ||||||||
| Anyi | 100,000[41] | 100,000[41] | ||||||||
| Athens[67][78][79][80][81] | Greece | 2,500–5,000[78] | 2,500–5,000[78] | 2,500–5,000[78] | 10,000[78] | 20,000[78] | 40,000[78] | 25,000[78] | ||
| Agrigento | Italy | 40,000 | 40,000 | |||||||
| Argos | Greece | 30,000–60,000[67][79][82][83][84][85] | 30,000–60,000 | |||||||
| Ayodhya | India | |||||||||
| Babylon | Iraq | 45,000[70]–100,000[b] | 47,000[70] | 60,000[70] | 125,000[3] | 150,000[3] | 200,000[59] | 150,000[3] | ||
| Benares | India | |||||||||
| Capua | Italy | 100,000[86][87] | 100,000 | |||||||
| Cerveteri | Italy | 25,000–40,000[88][89][90][91][92] | ||||||||
| Chicheng[citation needed] | China | |||||||||
| Cuicuilco | Mexico | |||||||||
| Corinth | Greece | 5,000[78] | 20,000[78] | |||||||
| Crotone | Italy | 50,000–80,000[93] | ||||||||
| Ecbatana[citation needed] | Iran | |||||||||
| Haojing | China | 100,000[b] | 125,000[41] | 125,000[41] | 33,000[59][70] | |||||
| Hastinapur | India | |||||||||
| Jerusalem | Israel | 40,000[59][70] | 49,942 (445 BC)[59] | |||||||
| Kamarina | Italy | 20,000 | ||||||||
| Kerch | Crimea Ukraine | 40,000[59][70] | ||||||||
| Kingchow[citation needed] | China | |||||||||
| Kalḫu (Nimrud) | Iraq | 75,000[3] | ||||||||
| Kosambi | India | 55,000[70] | ||||||||
| Linzi | China | 55,000–100,000[3][41] | 80,000–100,000[70][41] | 65,000–100,000[3][41] | 80,000–100,000[3][41] | 60,000–200,000[70][41] | 100,000–200,000[3][41] | |||
| Luoyang | China | 35,000[3][70]–100,000[c][d] | 40,000[3] | 45,000[3]–50,000[70] | 55,000[3]–100,000[41] | 70,000[70]–100,000[41] | 65,000[3]–100,000[41] | 200,000[41] | 200,000[41] | 100,000[3]–240,000[41] |
| Marib | Yemen | 45,000[70] | ||||||||
| Memphis | Egypt | 35,000–100,000[b][70] | 44,000[70] | 65,000[70] | 100,000[70] | |||||
| Metapontum | Italy | 40,000 | ||||||||
| Miletus | Turkey | |||||||||
| Niniveh | Iraq | 39,000[59] | 100,000[3] | 120,000[59] | ||||||
| Pataliputra / Patna | India | 400,000[3] | ||||||||
| Populonia | Italy | 25,000–40,000[90][91][94][95] | ||||||||
| Pyongyang[citation needed] | North Korea | |||||||||
| Tarquinia | Italy | 20,000–40,000[90][91][94][95] | ||||||||
| Thebes, Greece | Greece | 30,000–60,000[48][74][96][97][98] | 30,000–60,000 | |||||||
| Qufu | China | 100,000[41] | 100,000[41] | |||||||
| Rome | Italy | 4,440[99] | 24,400–40,000[99][100] | 27,200 | 28,960[100] | |||||
| Sais[citation needed] | Egypt | |||||||||
| San Lorenzo Tenochtitlán | Mexico | 13,000[101] | 13,000[101] | |||||||
| Shangqiu | China | 100,000[41] | 130,000[41] | |||||||
| Sravasti | India | 46,000[59] | ||||||||
| Sparta | Greece | 40,000–50,000[102] | ||||||||
| Susa | Iran | 40,000[59][70] | 200,000[59][70] | |||||||
| Suzhou | China | 100,000[41] | ||||||||
| Syracuse | Italy | 24,000–40,000[103][104][105] | 24,000–40,000[79] | 24,000–125,000[70][79] | ||||||
| Sybaris | Italy | 100,000[106] | ||||||||
| Taranto | Italy | 110,000–150,000[107] | ||||||||
| Thebes | Egypt | 50,000[3]–120,000[b] | 50,000[3] | |||||||
| Vaisali[citation needed] | India | |||||||||
| Veii | Italy | 25,000–100,000[90][91][94][95] | ||||||||
| Volsinii | Italy | 13,000–40,000[90][91][94][95] | ||||||||
| Vulci | Italy | 15,000–40,000[90][91][95] | ||||||||
| Xiadu | China | 100,000[41] | 100,000[41] | 320,000[41] | 300,000[41] | |||||
| Xintian | China | 100,000[41] | ||||||||
| Xinzheng | China | 100,000[41] | ||||||||
| Xue[citation needed] | ||||||||||
| Yong | China | 100,000[41] |
| City | Location | 300 BC | 200 BC | 100 BC | AD 1 | AD 100 | AD 200 | AD 300 | AD 361 | AD 400 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alexandria | Egypt | 150,000[3] | 300,000[3][59]–600,000[41] | 400,000[3] | 250,000[70]–500,000[108] | 500,000[108] | 125,000[70]–200,000[59] | |||
| Augsburg | Germany | 25,000–50,000 | 25,000–50,000[109] | |||||||
| Antioch | Turkey | 120,000[59] | 400,000[78] | 150,000[70]–250,000[110] | 250,000[110] | 150,000[70] | ||||
| Anuradhapura | Sri Lanka | 68,000[59][70] | 130,000[59] | 72,000[70] | ||||||
| Anyi | 100,000[41] | |||||||||
| Athens | Greece | 25,000[78] | 10,000[78] | 10,000[78] | 90,000[111] | 90,000[111] | ||||
| Autun | France | 40,000–100,000[112][113] | 40,000–100,000 | |||||||
| Arles | France | 10,000[114] | 10,000[114] | 75,000[115] | ||||||
| Ayodhya | India | 63,000[70] | ||||||||
| Aquileia | Italy | 12,000[116] | 12,000[116] | |||||||
| Carnuntum | Austria | 12,000[110]–50,000[117][118] | 12,000[110]–50,000[117][118] | |||||||
| Capua | Italy | 100,000 | 100,000[86][87] | 25,000–40,000 | ||||||
| Carthage | Tunisia | 150,000–200,000[59] | 100,000[59]–300,000[119] | 300,000[119] | ||||||
| Chang'an/Xi'an | China | 100,000–400,000[41][3][59] | 375,000–400,000[3][41] | 246,000–500,000[120][41][3] | 81,000–100,000[59][70][41] | 120,000[3] | 140,000[3] | 80,000[70] | 100,000[41] | |
| Chengdu | China | 100,000[41] | 70,000[70] | |||||||
| Cổ Loa | Vietnam | 40,000[41] | 50,000[41] | |||||||
| Byzantium / Constantinople |
Turkey | 15,000 | 20,000 | 150,000 | 200,000 | |||||
| Corinth | Greece | 40,000–100,000[78][110][121] | ||||||||
| Cologne | Germany | 20,000–40,000[122][123] | 20,000–40,000[122][124][125] | |||||||
| Ctesiphon | Iraq | 250,000[70] | ||||||||
| Cuicuilco | Mexico | 36,000[70] | ||||||||
| Datong | China | 100,000[41] | ||||||||
| El Mirador | Guatemala | 200,000[126] | ||||||||
| Ephesus | Turkey | 33,600[110] | ||||||||
| Izapa | Mexico | 35,000[70] | ||||||||
| Kaushambi | India | 90,000-180,000[127] | ||||||||
| Kaveri | 59,000[70] | |||||||||
| Linzi | China | 125,000–350,000[3][41] | 100,000[41] | 100,000[41] | 100,000[41] | 100,000[41] | ||||
| London | UK | 30,000 | 45,000–60,000[128] | |||||||
| Lugdunum | France | 25,000–50,000[114][129] | 25,000–50,000[114][129] | |||||||
| Luoyang | China | 125,000[3]–240,000[41] | 60,000[70] | 200,000[41] | 420,000[41][70] | 140,000[3]–250,000[41] | 200,000[41] | |||
| Mathura | India | |||||||||
| Milan | Italy | 30,000–40,000[59] | 100,000 | 25,000–100,000[130][131][132] | ||||||
| Monte Albán | Mexico | 5,200[133] | 17,200[133] | 17,200[133] | 17,200[133] | 17,200[133] | ||||
| Nanjing | China | 56,000[70] | 78,000[70] | 100,000[41] | 150,000[70] | 300,000[41] | ||||
| Nimes | France | 40,000–60,000[134][135][136] | ||||||||
| Ostia Antica | Italy | 25,000[109]–40,000[116] | 25,000–50,000[109][116][137] | |||||||
| Paithan | India | 60,000[70] | 84,000[70] | |||||||
| Patala | Pakistan | 73,000[70] | ||||||||
| Pataliputra | India | 350,000[59]–400,000 - 1,000,000[127] | 69,000[59][70] | 250,000[59] | ||||||
| Peshawar | Pakistan | 120,000[59] | ||||||||
| Philippi | Greece | 100,000[138] | ||||||||
| Pingcheng | China | 88,000[70] | 200,000[3] | |||||||
| Pozzuoli | Italy | 30,000–50,000 | 30,000[119]–50,000[109] | |||||||
| Pyay | Myanmar | 69,000[70] | ||||||||
| Qufu | China | 100,000[41]–125,000[3] | ||||||||
| Rajgir | India | 100,000[127] | ||||||||
| Rhodes[139][140][141] | Greece | 100,000–200,000 | 100,000 | |||||||
| Rome | Italy | 100,000[100] | 150,000–160,000[70][59] | 400,000[3] | 1,000,000[41][3] | 1,000,000[3][41] | 1,000,000[3] | 800,000[3] | 800,000[3] | 800,000[3] |
| Salona | Croatia | 25,000[122] | 25,000[122] | |||||||
| Seleucia | Iraq | 200,000[70] | 400,000[78] | 250,000 (CE 2)[59] | 150,000[59]–250,000[70] | |||||
| Shangqiu | China | 100,000[41] | ||||||||
| Srughna | India | 100,000[127] | ||||||||
| Suzhou | China | 100,000[41] | 66,000[70] | 95,000[70] | 58,000[70] | |||||
| Syracuse | Italy | 50,000–100,000[79] | 90,000[142] | 90,000[142] | ||||||
| Taxila | Pakistan | 60,000[70] | ||||||||
| Teotihuacán | Mexico | 60,000–80,000[143] | 90,000[70] | |||||||
| Thessaloniki | Greece | 30,000[111] | 30,000[111] | |||||||
| Tikal | Guatemala | 100,000[144] | ||||||||
| Tosali | India | 16,000-47,000[127] | ||||||||
| Tres Zapotes | Mexico | 30,000[70] | ||||||||
| Trier | Germany | 10,000[122] | 10,000[122]–50,000 | 50,000–100,000[109][115] | 60,000 | |||||
| Ujjain | India | 60,000[127] | 94,000[70] | 80,000[70] | ||||||
| Vaishali | India | 28,000-82,000[127] | ||||||||
| Vidisha | India | ~100,000[127] | ||||||||
| Wanxian | China | 100,000[41] | ||||||||
| Xiadu | China | 300,000[41] | ||||||||
| Xianyang | China | 100,000[41] | 100,000–300,000[59] | |||||||
| Xinzheng | China | 120,000[41]–125,000[3] | ||||||||
| Xuchang | China | 140,000[3] | ||||||||
| Ye | China | 140,000[3] | 120,000[70] | 100,000[41] |
Middle Ages
| City | Location | 500 | 600 | 622 | 700 | 775 | 800 | 900 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aleppo | Syria | 72,000[70] | ||||||
| Athens | Greece | 110,000[145] | ||||||
| Alexandria | Egypt | 94,000[70]–200,000[59] | 216,000[59] | 60,000–100,000 | 60,000–100,000 | |||
| Angkor | Cambodia | 80,000[146] | 100,000[146] | 90,000[70]–150,000[146] | ||||
| Anhilpur | India | 80,000[70] | ||||||
| Antioch | Turkey | 150,000[70] | ||||||
| Anuradhapura | Sri Lanka | 70,000[70] | ||||||
| Arles | France | 10,000[147] | ||||||
| Ayodhya | India | 75,000[70] | ||||||
| Badami | India | 70,000[70] | ||||||
| Baghdad | Iraq | 175,000[3][70] | 150,000[3] | |||||
| Bakhalal | Mexico | 45,000[70] | ||||||
| Basra | Iraq | 100,000[70] | ||||||
| Benares | India | 75,000-210,000[148] | 49,000[70] | 59,000[70] | ||||
| Carthage | Tunisia | 100,000[59][70] | ||||||
| Chang'an / Xi'an | China | 95,000[70][41]–400,000[59] | 400,000[41]–600,000[3] | 400,000[70] | 1,000,000[41] | 1,000,000[41][59][e] | 600,000[70]–1,000,000[41][3] | 100,000[41]–750,000[70][3] |
| Chengdu | China | 94,000[70] | 100,000[41] | 100,000[41] | ||||
| Chenla | Cambodia | 70,000[70] | ||||||
| Chunar | India | 72,000[70] | ||||||
| Constantinople | Turkey | 400,000[3]–500,000[59][149] | 150,000[3] | 150,000[70] | 125,000[3] | 40,000–50,000[3] | 40,000–50,000[3] | 150,000[3] |
| Copán | Honduras | 63,000[70] | ||||||
| Cologne | Germany | 15,000–20,000[150] | 21,000[150] | |||||
| Córdoba | Spain | 135,000[71] | 160,000[70] | 110,000[151]–175,000[3] | ||||
| Ctesiphon | Iraq | 400,000[70] | 200,000[152]–500,000[70] | |||||
| Dali | China | 90,000[70]–100,000[41] | ||||||
| Đại La /Hanoi | Vietnam | 25,000[153] | ||||||
| Datong | China | 200,000[41] | ||||||
| Dorestad | Netherlands | 1,000–2,500 | 1,000–2,500 | |||||
| El Pilar | Guatemala | 182,600[154] | ||||||
| El Tajín | Mexico | 40,000[70] | 40,000[70] | 50,000[70] | ||||
| Fanyang (Youzhou) | China | 100,000[41] | ||||||
| Florence | Italy | 1,000 | 2,000–2,500 | 5,000 | ||||
| Fustat | Egypt | 100,000[70] | 150,000[70] | |||||
| Gao | Mali | 72,000[70] | ||||||
| Granada | Spain | 20,000 | ||||||
| Guangzhou | China | 200,000[41] | 200,000[41] | |||||
| Gwalior | India | 65,000[70] | ||||||
| Huari/Wari | Peru | 70,000[155] | ||||||
| Jiankang | China | 500,000[41] | ||||||
| Jinyang (Taiyuan) | China | 100,000[41] | 100,000[41] | |||||
| Kannauj | India | 230,000 | 250,000 | 250,000 | 230,000[70] | 200,000[70] | ||
| Kanchi | India | 56,000[70] | 70,000[70] | 51,000[70] | ||||
| Kyoto | Japan | 200,000[156] | 100,000–200,000[70][41] | 200,000[41][59] | ||||
| Laon | France | 28,000[157] | ||||||
| Lhasa | China | 100,000[41][70] | ||||||
| London | UK | 10,000–12,000 | ||||||
| Luoyang | China | 200,000[70]–500,000[41] | 500,000[41] | 200,000[70] | 500,000[41] | 300,000[70]–400,000[41] | 150,000[70]–200,000[41] | |
| Lyon | France | 12,000[158] | ||||||
| Madurai | India | 70,000[70] | 70,000[70] | |||||
| Mainz | Germany | 20,000[150] | 30,000[150] | |||||
| Mandsaur | India | 63,000[70] | ||||||
| Manyakheta | India | 100,000[70]–200,000[159] | ||||||
| Metz | France | 25,000[160] | 14,000[160] | |||||
| Milan | Italy | 30,000 | 25,000[161] | 30,000 (875)[162] | ||||
| Naples | Italy | 30,000[162] | 30,000[162] | 30,000[162] | ||||
| Nanjing | China | 150,000[70]–500,000[41] | ||||||
| Nara | Japan | 100,000[41] | ||||||
| Orléans | France | 10,000[147] | ||||||
| Padua | Italy | 15,000[147] | ||||||
| Paris | France | 10,000–30,000[59] | 20,000 | |||||
| Patna / Pataliputra | India | 500,000 | 300,000 | 100,000 | 74,000[70] | |||
| Pavia | Italy | 15,000–20,000[59] | ||||||
| Poitiers | France | 5,000–9,000[59] | 5,000–9,000[59] | 5,000–9,000[59] | 10,000[59] | 10,000[59] | ||
| Preslav | Bulgaria | 40,000–60,000[71] | ||||||
| Prambanan | Indonesia | 60,000[70] | 62,000[70] | |||||
| Provins | France | 10,000 | ||||||
| Pyay | Myanmar | 73,000[70] | 100,000[70] | |||||
| Pliska | Bulgaria | 34,000[163] | ||||||
| Ray | Iran | 68,000[70] | ||||||
| Regensburg | Germany | 25,000[150] | 25,000 | |||||
| Reims | France | 20,000[59] | ||||||
| Rennes | France | 10,000 | ||||||
| Rome | Italy | 100,000 | 50,000[164]–90,000[165] | 50,000[164] | 50,000[164] | 50,000[164] | 50,000[166][59] | 20,000–30,000[164] |
| Rouen | France | 10,000 | ||||||
| Seville | Spain | 20,000 | 40,000 | 35,000 | 35,000 | 40,000–52,000[71] | ||
| Sialkot | Pakistan | 85,000[70] | ||||||
| Speyer | Germany | 20,000 | ||||||
| Suzhou | China | 70,000[70] | 120,000[41] | 100,000[41] | 84,000[70]–100,000[41] | 81,000[70]–100,000[41] | ||
| Teotihuacán | Mexico | 125,000[70][143] | 60,000[70] | |||||
| Thessaloniki | Greece | 100,000 | 40,000 | 40,000 | 50,000 | 50,000[71] | ||
| Tikal | Guatemala | 45,000[70] | 40,000[70] | |||||
| Toledo | Spain | 25,000 | 28,000 | |||||
| Toulouse | France | 10,000[59] | ||||||
| Tours | France | 17,000[59] | 20,000[59] | |||||
| Tula | Mexico | 41,000[70] | 50,000[70] | |||||
| Trier | Germany | 10,000[59] | 15,000[59] | 15,000–25,000[150] | ||||
| Venice | Italy | 37,000[59] | ||||||
| Verona | Italy | 30,000[59] | 25,000 | |||||
| Worms | Germany | 10,000 | ||||||
| Wuchang | China | 100,000[41] | 84,000[70] | |||||
| Ye | China | 200,000[41] |
| City | Location | 1000 | 1100 | 1150 | 1200 | 1250 | 1300 | 1350 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Angkor | Cambodia | 200,000[70] 400,000[146] |
125,000[70] 550,000[146] |
140,000[70] 600,000[146] |
150,000[70] 650,000[146] |
650,000[146] | ||
| Amalfi | Italy | 35,000[167]–80,000[71] | 10,000–15,000[59] | |||||
| Ani | Turkey | 100,000[168]–200,000[169] | ||||||
| Anhilpur | India | 100,000[70] | 100,000[70] | 135,000[70] | ||||
| Antioch | Turkey | 40,000 | 40,000 | |||||
| L'Aquila | Italy | 40,000 | ||||||
| Bagan | Myanmar | 100,000[70] | 150,000[70] | 180,000[70] | 180,000[70] | |||
| Baghdad | Iraq | 125,000[59] | 150,000[70] | 250,000[3] | 150,000[59] | |||
| Beijing | China | 130,000[70] | 140,000[70] | 401,000[70] | 400,000[70] | |||
| Berlin | Germany | 2,400 | 1,200–2,000 | 4,000–7,000 | ||||
| Bologna | Italy | 50,000 | 50,000 | 23,000 | ||||
| Braunschweig | Germany | 10,000[150] | 21,000[59] | |||||
| Bruges | Belgium | 12,000[150] | 15,000[59] | 25,000[59] | 36,000[59] | 50,000[59] | ||
| Cahokia | United States | 10,200–15,300[170] | 25,000[171] | 20,000–30,000[172] | ||||
| Cairo | Egypt | 135,000[70] | 150,000[70] | 175,000[70] | 200,000[70]–250,000[3] | 300,000[70] | 400,000[3][70] | 350,000[70] |
| Chang'an / Xi'an | China | 118,000[70] | 114,000[70] | |||||
| Chartres | France | 7,000 | ||||||
| Chunar | India | 66,000[70] | ||||||
| Cologne | Germany | 21,000[173] | 25,000–35,000[59] | 32,000–60,000[174] | 52,000–60,000[173] | 40,000–60,000[124][125][174] | 57,000 (1333)[173] | |
| Constantinople | Turkey | 150,000[3] | 200,000[70]–250,000[3] | 200,000[70] | 150,000[70]–250,000[3] | 100,000[175] | 150,000[175] | 80,000[175] |
| Córdoba | Spain | 110,000[151][3] | 60,000 (1103)[176] | 60,000[176] | 60,000[176] | 40,000[176] | ||
| Cuttack | India | 100,000[70] | 90,000[70] | 90,000[70] | ||||
| Dali | China | 90,000[70] 100,000[41] |
100,000[70] | |||||
| Delhi | India | 10,000[177] | 60,000[177] | 80,000[70] | 100,000[70][177] | 125,000[177] | ||
| Dhar | India | 80,000[70] | ||||||
| Dwarasamudra | India | 30,000 | 120,000 | 150,000 | ||||
| Edessa | Turkey | 25,000 | ||||||
| Erfurt | Germany | 10,000[150] | 21,000[59] | 32,000[59] | ||||
| Fanyang (Youzhou) | China | 100,000[41] | ||||||
| Fes | Morocco | 75,000[59] | 125,000[70] | 160,000[70] | 200,000[70]–250,000[59] | 200,000[70] | 150,000[70]–200,000[59] | 125,000[70] |
| Florence | Italy | 13,000 | 20,000 | 30,000 | 50,000–110,000[178] | 60,000–120,000[59][179] | 40,000 | |
| Gangaikonda Cholapuram | India | 200,000 | 300,000 | 300,000 | 250,000 | 150,000 | ||
| Gaur | India | 60,000[70] | 90,000[70] | 100,000[70] | ||||
| Genoa | Italy | 15,000[59]–80,000[178] | 30,000[59] | 100,000[180] | 100,000[59] | |||
| Ghent | Belgium | 8,000[150] | 12,000[59] | 25,000[59] | 65,000[181] | 42,000[59]–65,000 | 57,000[59] | |
| Guangzhou | China | 140,000[70] | 150,000[70] | 150,000[70] | ||||
| Hangzhou | China | 80,000[70] | 90,000[70] | 145,000[70]–800,000[3] | 255,000[70]–1,000,000[3] | 320,000[70]–1,000,000[41] | 432,000[70]–800,000[3] | 432,000[70] |
| Ile-Ife | Nigeria | 75,000–105,000[182] | ||||||
| Jinzhou | China | 85,000[70] | ||||||
| Kaifeng | China | 400,000[41][59]–1,000,000[3] | 442,000[70]–1,000,000[3] | 150,000[70] | 1,000,000[41] | |||
| Kalburgi | India | 70,000[70] | ||||||
| Kalyan | India | 150,000[70] | 125,000[70] | |||||
| Kannauj | India | 72,000[70] | 80,000[70] | 92,000[70] | ||||
| Khajuraho (Kalinjar) | India | 100,000[59] | 50,000[70] | |||||
| Khambhat | India | 50,000[70] | 60,000[70] | |||||
| Kyiv | Ukraine | 45,000[59] | 48,000[59]–100,000[167] | 36,000–50,000[59] | ||||
| Kollam | India | 60,000[70] | ||||||
| Kyoto | Japan | 175,000[41]–300,000[59] | ||||||
| Laon | France | 25,000[157] | ||||||
| London[183] | UK | 20,000–25,000 | 10,000–20,000 | 20,000–30,000 | 80,000–100,000[184] | 25,000–50,000 | ||
| Lübeck | Germany | 6,000 | 18,800 | |||||
| Madurai | India | 60,000[70] | ||||||
| Mainz | Germany | 30,000[59] | 30,000[59] | 25,000[59] | 25,000[59] | 25,000[59] | 24,000[59] | |
| Manyakheta | India | 71,000[70] | ||||||
| Marrakesh | Morocco | 150,000[70] | 150,000[70] | 150,000[70] | 125,000[70] | |||
| Marseille | France | 6,000–7,000[59] | 25,000[59] | 40,000[59] | ||||
| Merv | Turkmenistan | 200,000[70] | 70,000[59] | |||||
| Metz | France | 16,000 | 21,000[59] | 23,000–27,000[59] | 32,000[59] | |||
| Milan | Italy | 15,000[164] | 45,000 | 58,000 (1170)[59] | 60,000[59]–100,000[164] | 150,000 | 150,000–200,000[184][164][185][186] | 50,000–200,000[178][185][186][131] |
| Montpellier | France | 40,000–50,000[184] | ||||||
| Nabadwip | India | 85,000[70] | ||||||
| Nanjing | China | 130,000[70] | 130,000[70] | 130,000[70] | 95,000[70] | |||
| Naples | Italy | 30,000[59] | 30,000[59] | 30,000[59] | 30,000[59] | 30,000–36,000 (1278)[59] | 40,000[59]–100,000 | 60,000 (1340)[59] |
| Nishapur | Iran | 125,000[70] | ||||||
| Norwich | UK | 20,000–25,000 | ||||||
| Padua | Italy | 15,000[184] | 35,000[184] | |||||
| Palermo | Italy | 60,000[151]–75,000 | 150,000 | 150,000[70] | 50,000 (1277)[59] | 40,000[59]–100,000[184] | ||
| Paris | France | 20,000[187] | 50,000–65,000[188][189][190][191] | 110,000[187] | 160,000[70] | 200,000–270,000 (1328)[192] | 215,000[70] | |
| Polonnaruwa | Sri Lanka | 75,000[70] | ||||||
| Prague | Czech Republic | 10,000[150] | 22,000[59] | 40,000[59] | 50,000[59] | |||
| Puri | India | 78,000[70] | 72,000[70] | |||||
| Ramavati | 75,000[70] | |||||||
| Regensburg | Germany | 40,000[150][167] | 30,000 | |||||
| Rome | Italy | 35,000[59][167] | 30,000–40,000[164] | 30,000–40,000[164] | 40,000[164] | 40,000–50,000[164] | 15,000[193]–17,000[59] | |
| Rouen | France | 20,000[59] | 20,000[59] | 30,000–40,000[59] | 50,000[59] | 40,000–50,000[59][184] | ||
| Salerno | Italy | 50,000[194] | 50,000[59] | 50,000 | 10,000 (1320)[59] | |||
| Sarai | Russia | 120,000[70] | ||||||
| Seville | Spain | 52,000 | 40,000–50,000[184] | |||||
| Shangjing | China | 140,000[41] | ||||||
| Speyer | Germany | 25,000 | 30,000[59] | 30,000[59] | 30,000[59] | 30,000[59] | 25,000[59] | |
| Suzhou | China | 100,000[41] | 96,000[70] | |||||
| Tabriz | Iran | 125,000[70] | 100,000[70] | |||||
| Thanjavur | India | 200,000[70] | 250,000 | 200,000 | ||||
| Thăng Long/Hanoi | Vietnam | 30,000[153] | 40,000[153] | |||||
| Thessaloniki | Greece | 40,000[59] | 40,000[59] | 40,000[59] | 30,000[59] | 50,000[59]–100,000[195] | 50,000–150,000[167][196] | |
| Toledo | Spain | 37,000 | 35,000 | 42,000 | ||||
| Toulouse | France | 35,000 | ||||||
| Trier | Germany | 20,000[150] | 20,000[59] | 20,000[59] | 25,000[59] | |||
| Venice | Italy | 45,000–60,000[130][197][198][199] | 58,000 | 64,000–70,000[59] | 70,000–80,000[185][59] | 45,000[180] | 100,000–120,000[70][185] | 65,228 (1363) |
| Veliky Novgorod | Russia | 10,000–18,000 | 20,000–40,000 | 50,000[200][201] | ||||
| Verona | Italy | 10,000 | 20,000–25,000 | 20,000–25,000 | 35,000–40,000 | |||
| Vijayanagar | India | 200,000 | ||||||
| Warangal | India | 63,000[70] | 80,000[70] | |||||
| Worms | Germany | 20,000[150] | 28,000[59] | 25,000[59] | 20,000[59] | |||
| York | UK | 8,000[184] | 23,000[184] | |||||
| Ypres | Belgium | 40,000–200,000[202] | 30,000[59] | |||||
Early Modern era
| City | 1400 | 1450 | 1500 | 1550 | 1575 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aachen | 15,000[203] | ||||
| Adrianople / Edirne | 28,000[59] | 85,000[59] | 125,000[59] | 160,000[59] | 183,000[59] |
| Agra | 250,000 | 500,000 | |||
| Ahmedabad | 70,000[59] | 80,000[59]–100,000[70] | 140,000[70]–175,000[59] | 300,000 | |
| Ahmednagar | 70,000[70] | ||||
| Alessandria | 8,000[204] | ||||
| Antwerp | 18,000 (1374) | 20,000 (1444) | 40,000[203] | 90,000[203] | 104,984 (1568)[59][70] |
| Asti | 8,000[204] | ||||
| Augsburg | 14,000 (1408)[205] | 17,000 (1471)[205] | 20,000[203] | 45,000[203] | |
| Ayutthaya | 150,000[206] | 150,000[206] | 10,000 (1569)[206] | ||
| Bago | 150,000[70] | 175,000[70] | |||
| Beijing | 150,000[70] | 600,000[70] | 672,000[70] | 690,000[70] | 706,000[70] |
| Bologna | 40,000[207] | 55,000[204] | 61,731 (1569)[207][204] | 72,395 (1588)[207] | |
| Brescia | 27,000[207] | 30,000 (1440)[207] | 49,000[204] | 41,000[204] | |
| Bursa | 95,000[59] | 130,000[70] | |||
| Bruges | 37,000[185] | 25,000 | 30,000[203] | 35,000[203] | 29,000 (1584)[208] |
| Cairo | 125,000–360,000[3][70] | 380,000[70] | 400,000[3][59] | 360,000[70] | 275,000[70] |
| Chan Chan | 60,000–100,000[209] | 5,000–10,000[210] | |||
| Chang'an / Xi'an | 150,000[59] | 150,000[59] | 127,000[70] | 150,000[59] | |
| Cologne | 40,000[59] | 30,000[203] | 35,000[203] | 37,000[59] | |
| Como | 10,000[204] | 10,000[204] | |||
| Constantinople / Istanbul | 75,000[59] | 40,000–50,000[196] | 200,000[59] | 660,000[70] | 680,000[70] |
| Crema | 11,000[204] | ||||
| Cremona | 35,000[211] | 40,000[204] | 34,000[204] | ||
| Cuneo | 6,000[204] | ||||
| Cuttack | 75,000[70] | 100,000[70] | 140,000[70] | 90,000[70] | |
| Cusco | 45,000[212] | ||||
| Delhi | 80,000[70]–100,000[177] | 160,000[177] | 160,000[177] | ||
| Fez | 125,000[70] | 150,000[59] | 130,000[70] | ||
| Florence | 45,000–61,000[59][178][213] | 54,000 (1470)[59] | 55,000–70,000[194][178][214] | 59,216 (1562)[59] | |
| Fossano | 9,000[204] | ||||
| Gao | 60,000[70] | ||||
| Gaur | 150,000[70] | 200,000[70] | |||
| Ghent | 70,000[59] | 40,000[203] | 50,000[203] | ||
| Genoa | 80,000–100,000[178][179] | 120,000 (1460)[59] | 60,000[204] | 65,000[204] | |
| Granada | 100,000[59] | 165,000[70] | 70,000[194][59] | ||
| Guangzhou | 150,000[70] | 175,000[70] | 150,000[70] | 160,000[70] | 170,000[70] |
| Gwalior | 80,000[70] | ||||
| Hangzhou | 235,000[70] | 250,000[70] | 250,000[59] | 260,000[70] | 260,000[70] |
| Hanoi | 50,000[153] | ||||
| Jaunpur | 100,000[70] | ||||
| Kalburgi | 90,000[70] | ||||
| Kano | 50,000[70] | ||||
| Khambhat | 60,000[70] | ||||
| Kollam | 60,000[70] | ||||
| Lodi | 9,000[204] | ||||
| London[183] | 45,000[59] | 75,000[59] | 40,000[215] | 80,000[215] | |
| Lyon | 20,000–35,000[59] | 60,000[59] | 50,000[216] | 70,000[216] | |
| Lübeck | 17,200 | 21,568 | 25,444 | 22,452 | |
| Magdeburg | 20,000[59] | 24,000[59] | 18,000[217] | 40,000[59] | |
| Mandu | 70,000[70] | ||||
| Mantua | 28,000[204] | 38,000[204] | |||
| Milan | 125,000[180][185] | 110,000[59] | 100,000[204] | 69,000[204] | 115,000 (1574) |
| Modena | 18,000[204] | 16,000[204] | |||
| Nanjing | 487,000[70] | 150,000[70] | 157,000[70] | 182,000[70] | 188,000[70] |
| Naples | 40,000–100,000[59][179] | 60,000 (1435)[59] | 125,000[218]–150,000[219] | 212,000[219] | 215,000[70] |
| Novara | 7,000[204] | ||||
| Nuremberg | 18,000[59] | 25,982 (1449)[59] | 36,000[217] | 40,000[217] | |
| Oyo-Ile | 150,000 | 60,000[70] | |||
| Padua | 27,000[204] | 32,000[204] | |||
| Paris | 100,000 (1422)[220] | 150,000[70] | 100,000[216] | 130,000[216] | 220,000[70] |
| Parma | 19,000[204] | 25,000[204] | |||
| Pavia | 16,000[204] | 13,000[204] | |||
| Piacenza | 27,000[204] | ||||
| Prague | 40,000 | 30,000 | |||
| Rome | 33,000[221] | 33,500 (1458)[221] | 38,000[221]–55,000[219] | 45,000[219] | 80,000 (1580) |
| Rouen | 40,000[216] | 65,000[216] | |||
| Samarkand | 130,000[70] | ||||
| Seoul | 100,000[59] | 125,000[70] | 150,000[59] | 125,000[59] | |
| Seville | 15,000 (1384)[222] | 60,000[222] | 65,000 | 109,000 (1565)[222] | |
| Suzhou | 129,000[70] | ||||
| Tabriz | 150,000[70] | 200,000[70] | 250,000[70] | ||
| Tenochtitlan/Mexico City | 200,000-400,000[223][224][225] | 60,000[59] | |||
| Texcoco | 60,000[70] | ||||
| Venice | 85,000–200,000[178][179] | 150,000 (1423)[185] | 100,000[204] | 158,000[204] | 134,871 (1581) |
| Verona | 14,800 | 38,000[204] | 52,000[204] | ||
| Vijayanagar | 400,000[70] | 550,000[70] | 500,000[226] - 1,000,000[227] |
17th to 19th century
| City | 1600 | 1650 | 1700 | 1750 | 1800 | 1825 | 1850 | 1875 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aachen | 14,171 (1601) | 12,000[203] | 15,000[203] | 24,000[203] | 35,428 | 56,190 (1849)[205] | 79,606 | |
| Adrianople/Edirne | 160,000[59] | 132,000[59] | 93,000[59] | 96,000[59] | 100,000[59] | 125,000[59] | 85,000[59] | |
| Alexandria | 15,000 (1693) | 6,000 (1777) | 4,000 (1798) | 12,528 (1828) | 138,000 | 212,000[228] | ||
| Antwerp | 47,000[203] | 70,000[203] | 70,000[203] | 46,000[203] | 60,000[203] | 88,000[229] | 127,000[229] | |
| Agra | 500,000[59] | 660,000[59] | 60,000[59] | 108,000[59] | 149,008 (1872)[230] | |||
| Ahmedabad | 300,000[59] | 380,000[59] | 400,000[70] | 120,000[59] | 89,000[59] | 87,000 (1824) | 94,390 (1846) | 116,873 (1872)[230] |
| Amsterdam | 59,551[231] | 176,873[231] | 235,224 | 233,952[70] | 203,485 | 197,231 (1820) | 223,700[229] | 289,000[228] |
| Augsburg | 48,000[203] | 21,000[203] | 21,000[203] | 31,000[205] | 28,000[203] | 35,000[205] | 57,210 | |
| Ayutthaya | 100,000[206] | 125,000[232] | 150,000[206] | 150,000[206] | 30,000[206] | |||
| Baltimore | 26,514 | 80,620 (1830) | 169,054 | 299,000[228] | ||||
| Barcelona | 64,000 | 64,000 | 73,000 | 70,000 | 120,000 | 120,000 | 167,000 | 240,000[228] |
| Beijing | 706,000[59] | 470,000[70] | 650,000[59] | 900,000[70] | 1,100,000[41][59] | 1,350,000[70] | 1,648,000[70] | 1,310,000[59] |
| Berlin | 25,000[203] | 12,000[203] | 55,000[203] | 113,289[233] | 172,132[233] | 220,277 | 446,000 | 1,045,000[228] |
| Birmingham | 2,000[215] | 4,000[215] | 7,000[215] | 23,688[234] | 73,670 (1801)[234] | 122,000 | 294,000 | 480,000[228] |
| Bombay | 100,000 | 163,000 (1826) | 718,000[228] | |||||
| Bordeaux | 40,000[235] | 40,000[235] | 50,000[235] | 67,000[235] | 88,000[235] | 142,000[236] | 225,000[228] | |
| Boston | 6,700 | 20,000 | 35,248 | 61,392 (1830) | 202,261 | 450,000[228] | ||
| Breslau (Wrocław) | 33,000–40,000[59][237] | 37,000[59] | 40,000[59] | 52,000[59] | 64,520[59] | 89,500 (1831) | 114,000[59] | 239,050[59] |
| Bristol | 10,549[238] | 15,000-20,000[238] | 25,000[238] | 43,275[239] | 62,452[239] | 94,180[239] | 137,528[239] | 206,874 (1881)[239] |
| Brussels | 55,000[59] | 70,000[59] | 70,000[59] | 55,000[59]–60,000[229] | 66,297[59][229] | 208,000[59]–251,000[229] | 327,000[228] | |
| Bucharest | 60,000[240] | 50,000[240] | 25,000[240] | 34,000[240] | 104,000[240] | 177,646 (1878)[241] | ||
| Budapest | 25,000[242] | 24,000[242] | 54,000[242] | 156,506[242] | 325,000[228] | |||
| Cairo | 200,000[70] | 350,000[243] | 350,000[243] | 300,000[243] | 210,960 | 257,783 | 267,160 | 345,028 |
| Calcutta | 200,000 | 230,000 (1822) | 680,000[228] | |||||
| Chicago | 100 (1830) | 29,963 | 405,000[228] | |||||
| Cologne | 40,000[203] | 45,000[203] | 42,000[203] | 43,000[203][229] | 42,000[203] | 59,049 | 94,781 (1849)[229] | 135,371 |
| Copenhagen | 40,000[59] | 29,000 | 62,000[59] | 93,000[229] | 101,000[229] | 108,000[59] | 150,000 | 241,000[228] |
| Danzig | 50,000[217] | 70,000[217] | 50,000[217] | 46,000[217] | 40,000[217] | 61,900 | 65,000[59] | 90,500 (1874) |
| Delhi | 200,000[177] | 500,000[177] | 100,000[177] | 125,000[177] | 150,000[177] | 156,000[177] | 154,417 (1872)[244] | |
| Dhaka | 200,000[59] | 200,000[59] | 200,000[59] | 135,000[59] | 110,000[59] | 66,989 (1830)[59] | 60,617[59] | 51,536 (1869)[59] |
| Dresden | 14,793 (1603) | 16,000 (1648) | 21,298 (1699) | 63,209 (1755) | 61,794 | 61,886 (1830) | 94,092 (1849) | 197,295[228] |
| Dublin | 5,000[245] | 17,000[245] | 60,000[245]–80,000[246] | 90,000[245]–128,570 (1753)[246] | 167,899 (1802)[245] | 194,000[247] | 263,000[248] | 310,000[228] |
| Edinburgh | 35,000 | 55,000 | 82,000 | 145,000 | 194,000 | 274,000[228] | ||
| Edo (Tokyo) | 60,000[70] | 430,000 | 688,000[70] | 509,000[59] | 685,000[70] | 530,000[59] | 567,000[59] | 780,000[228] |
| Esfahān | 125,000[59] | 350,000[70] | 350,000[70] | 60,000[59] | 50,000[59] | 60,000[59] | 76,088 (1870) | |
| Genoa | 71,000[204] | 90,000[204] | 80,000[204] | 87,000[204] | 91,000[204] | 83,569 (1822) | 100,696 | 130,269 (1872) |
| Glasgow[249] | 7,000 | 14,000 | 14,000 | 23,500[229] | 77,000[229] | 170,000 | 346,000 | 635,000[228] |
| Guangzhou | 180,000[70] | 200,000[70] | 200,000[70] | 400,000[70] | 800,000[70] | 900,000[70] | 875,000[70] | 944,000[59] |
| Hangzhou | 270,000[70] | 281,000[70] | 303,000[70] | 340,000[70] | 387,000[70] | 410,000[70] | 700,000[59] | 50,000 (1864) |
| Hanoi | 40,000[153] | 100,000[250] | 100,000[250] | 75,000[250] | 81,000[250] | 51,000[153] | 255,000[251] | |
| Huế | 60,000[153] | 50,325[153] | ||||||
| Ho Chi Minh City/Saigon | 24,000 | 50,000[153] | 50,000[153] | 180,661 (1902)[252] | ||||
| Hyderabad | 80,000[253] | 90,000[232] | 200,000[253] | 225,000[253] | 200,000[253] | 200,000[253] | 200,000[253] | 350,000[253] |
| Iași (Jassy) | 20,000[240] | 20,000[240] | 50,000[240] | 72,000 (1877)[254] | ||||
| Constantinople/Istanbul | 400,000–700,000[3][70] | 700,000[70] | 600,000–700,000[3][70] | 625,000[70] | 570,000[70] | 675,000[70] | 785,000[70] | 827,750 (1874) |
| Hamburg | 40,000[237] | 75,000 | 70,000[59] | 75,000–90,000[255][59] | 130,000[255] | 124,838 (1830) | 193,000[59] | 348,000[228] |
| Kagoshima | 50,000 | 51,000[59] | 57,000[59] | 67,000[70] | 72,350[59] | 72,000[59] | 89,374 (1873) | |
| Kanazawa | 50,000[59] | 55,106[59] | 67,000[70] | 78,000[59] | 97,000[59] | 103,000[59] | 116,000[59] | 109,685 (1873) |
| Kyoto | 300,000[70] | 350,000[256] | 350,000[257][70] | 362,000[248] | 377,000[258] | 350,000[247] | 323,000[248] | 238,663 (1873)[259] |
| Königsberg | 40,000 (1663) | 40,600 (1708) | 60,000[215] | 59,000[215] | 67,125 | 79,887 (1852) | 122,636 | |
| Lahore | 350,000[59] | 200,000[59] | 94,000[59] | 99,000 (1872)[259] | ||||
| Leipzig | 20,000 | 14,000 (1648) | 15,653 (1699) | 35,000 | 32,146 | 41,506 | 62,374 (1849) | 209,000[228] |
| Lisbon | 110,000[59] | 165,000 (1639)[59] | 188,000[59] | 148,000–213,000[255][59] | 180,000–237,000[255][59] | 249,000[59] | 240,000–259,000[255][59] | 235,000 (1870)[255] |
| Liverpool | 5,714 | 22,000[255] | 77,653 (1801)[255] | 170,000[59] | 375,955 (1851)[260] | 650,000[228] | ||
| London | 200,000[215] | 400,000[215] | 575,000[215] | 675,000[215] | 865,000[215] | 1,335,000[70] | 2,320,000[70] | 4,241,000[70] |
| Lyon | 40,000[216] | 75,000[216] | 97,000[216] | 114,000[255] | 102,167 (1793) | 115,841 (1820) | 254,000 | 331,000[228] |
| Lübeck | 22,570 | 31,068 | 19,978 | 17,644 | 24,631 | 25,600 | 26,098 | 44,799 |
| Madras | 15,000 | 55,000 | 125,000 | 172,000 | 310,000 | 400,000[228] | ||
| Madrid | 49,000[261] | 130,000[261] | 110,000[261] | 109,000[255][261] | 167,000[261] | 181,400 (1826)[59] | 263,000[255][59] | 407,000[228] |
| Manchester | 5,000[215] | 9,000[215] | 18,000[215] | 70,000[215] | 155,000 | 412,000 | 590,000[228] | |
| Marseille | 40,000[216] | 66,000[216] | 75,000[216] | 68,000[216][255] | 78,000[216] | 119,000[59] | 193,000[59] | 316,000[228] |
| Mexico City | 75,000[59] | 90,000[59] | 100,000[59] | 110,000[59] | 128,000[59] | 176,000[59] | 170,000[260][59] | 250,000[59] |
| Milan[180] | 120,000[204] | 100,000[204] | 124,000[204] | 123,618[59][255][204] | 134,528[59][204] | 168,000[59] | 193,000[59] | 277,000[228] |
| Moscow | 80,000[59] | 200,000 (1638) | 130,000[59] | 130,000–161,000[255][59] | 238,000[59] | 241,500 | 373,800[260] | 601,969 (1871) |
| Munich | 20,000[217] | 10,000[217] | 21,000[217] | 32,000[217][255] | 34,000[217] | 62,290 | 96,398 | 198,000[228] |
| Nagoya | 65,000[59] | 65,000[70] | 96,000[59] | 92,000[70] | 116,000 | 125,193 (1873)[259] | ||
| Nanjing | 194,000[70] | 178,000[70] | 300,000[59] | 285,000[59] | 220,000[59] | 200,000[59] | 300,000[59] | |
| Naples | 400,000[219] | 176,000[219] | 216,000[219] | 305,000[219] | 427,000[219] | 350,000[70] | 413,000[260]–416,000[59] | 450,000[228] |
| New Orleans | 8,056 | 46,082 (1830) | 116,375 | 210,000[228] | ||||
| New York City | 4,436 (1703) | 13,296 (1749) | 63,000 | 170,000 | 682,000 | 1,900,000[70] | ||
| Nuremberg | 40,000[217] | 25,000[217] | 40,000[217] | 30,000[217][255] | 27,000[217][255] | 54,000[255] | 91,017 | |
| Osaka | 200,000–360,000[70] | 220,000 | 350,000–380,000[70][262][263] | 400,000 (1749) | 383,000–500,000 (1783)[59][262] | 340,000[59] | 300,000 | 320,000[228] |
| Palermo | 105,000[264][219] | 128,000[232] | 100,000[219] | 118,000[219] | 139,000[219] | 168,000[247] | 182,000[248] | 219,000[228] |
| Paris | 220,000[216] | 430,000[216] | 510,000[216] | 576,000[216] | 581,000[216] | 855,000[70] | 1,314,000[70] | 2,250,000[70] |
| Philadelphia | 4,400 | 14,563 (1753) | 68,200 | 138,000 | 426,221 | 791,000[228] | ||
| Prague | 60,000 | 25,000 | 39,000[265] | 58,000[266][265] | 77,403[59][266][265] | 98,000 | 117,000[266] | 223,371 (1869) |
| Rio de Janeiro | 20,000 | 29,000 | 44,000 | 166,419 | 274,000[228] | |||
| Rome | 105,000[219] | 124,000[219] | 138,000[219] | 156,000[219] | 163,000[219] | 138,000 | 170,000 | 252,000[228] |
| Rouen | 60,000[216] | 82,000[216] | 64,000[216] | 67,000[216] | 81,000[216] | 92,083 (1836) | 104,142 (1851)[267] | 104,902 (1876) |
| Saint Petersburg | 138,000[268] | 220,200[268] | 438,000[70] | 502,000[268] | 764,000[228] | |||
| Seoul | 150,000[70] | 158,000[70] | 187,000[70] | 190,000[59] | 192,000[59] | 194,000[59] | ||
| Seville | 121,000 (1597)[222] | 65,000[261] | 96,000[261] | 66,000[261][266] | 96,000[261] | 75,000 (1820) | 106,000[266] | 133,247 (1877) |
| Shanghai | 45,000 | 60,000 | 100,000 | 115,000 | 250,000 | 400,000[228] | ||
| Sunpu | 100,000[70] | 31,555 (1873)[269] | ||||||
| St. Louis | 925 (1799) | 4,977 (1830) | 77,860 | 338,000[228] | ||||
| Suzhou | 175,000[59] | 145,000[59] | 245,000[59] | 302,000[59] | 243,000[70] | 302,000[70] | 550,000[59] | 250,000[59] |
| Turin | 24,000[204] | 37,000[204] | 42,000[204] | 57,000[204] | 82,000[204] | 109,000[247] | 138,000[248] | 216,000[228] |
| Warsaw | 35,000[270] | 21,000[270] | 28,000[270] | 75,000[270] | 124,000[247] | 163,000[270] | 311,000[228] | |
| Venice[180] | 139,000[204] | 120,000[204] | 138,000[204] | 149,000[204] | 138,000[204] | 109,927 | 106,000[266] | 129,676 |
| Vienna[271][272] | 50,000[265] | 60,000[265] | 114,000[265] | 175,400[265] | 231,000[265] | 401,200 | 551,300 | 1,020,770 |
| Xi'an | 138,000[70] | 147,000[59] | 167,000[70] | 195,000[70] | 224,000[70] | 259,000[70] | 275,000[59] | 250,000[59] |
| Yamaguchi | 80,000[70] |
20th Century
| City | 1950 | 1960 | 1970 | 1980 | 1990 | 2000 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Algiers[273] | 516,000 | 872,000 | 1,281,000 | 1,621,000 | 1,797,000 | 2,141,000 |
| Baghdad[274] | 579,000 | 1,019,000 | 2,070,000 | 3,145,000 | 4,092,000 | 5,200,000 |
| Bangkok[275] | 1,360,000 | 2,151,000 | 3,110,000 | 4,723,000 | 5,889,000 | 6,395,000 |
| Barcelona[276] | 1,809,000 | 2,468,000 | 3,482,000 | 3,837,000 | 4,101,000 | 4,355,000 |
| Beijing[277] | 1,671,365 | 3,900,441 | 4,426,045 | 5,366,372 | 6,787,737 | 10,285,091 |
| Berlin[278] | 3,338,000 | 3,260,000 | 3,206,000 | 3,056,000 | 3,422,000 | 3,384,000 |
| Bogotá[277] | 630,315 | 1,268,645 | 2,383,425 | 3,525,154 | 4,740,448 | 6,329,384 |
| Brussels[279] | 1,415,000 | 1,485,000 | 1,568,000 | 1,654,000 | 1,695,000 | 1,783,000 |
| Buenos Aires[277] | 5,166,140 | 6,761,837 | 8,416,170 | 9,919,781 | 11,147,566 | 12,503,871 |
| Cairo[277] | 2,493,514 | 3,680,160 | 5,584,507 | 7,348,778 | 9,892,143 | 13,625,565 |
| Caracas[280] | 694,000 | 1,316,000 | 2,060,000 | 2,575,000 | 2,767,000 | 2,864,000 |
| Casablanca[281] | 625,000 | 967,000 | 1,505,000 | 2,109,000 | 2,682,000 | 3,134,000 |
| Chicago[282] | 4,999,000 | 6,183,000 | 7,106,000 | 7,216,000 | 7,374,000 | 8,315,000 |
| Delhi[277] | 1,369,369 | 2,282,962 | 3,530,693 | 5,587,014 | 9,384,209 | 15,691,899 |
| Dhaka[277] | 335,760 | 507,920 | 1,373,718 | 3,265,663 | 6,620,697 | 10,284,947 |
| Hong Kong[283] | 1,980,524 | 3,114,671 | 3,955,072 | 4,978,544 | 5,838,574 | 6,731,195 |
| Istanbul[277] | 967,497 | 1,453,353 | 2,772,095 | 4,397,037 | 6,552,160 | 8,743,868 |
| Jakarta[277] | 1,452,000 | 2,678,740 | 3,915,406 | 5,984,256 | 8,174,756 | 8,389,759 |
| Johannesburg[284] | 911,000 | 1,148,000 | 1,443,000 | 1,555,000 | 1,879,000 | 3,046,000 |
| Karachi[277] | 1,055,380 | 1,853,325 | 3,118,723 | 5,047,815 | 7,147,064 | 9,825,295 |
| Kinshasa (from 1881 to 1966, Léopoldville)[277] | 201,905 | 442,853 | 1,069,714 | 2,052,874 | 3,683,274 | 6,140,419 |
| Kolkata[277] | 4,604,143 | 5,910,210 | 7,329,372 | 9,100,166 | 10,974,177 | 13,097,153 |
| Lagos[277] | 325,218 | 762,418 | 1,413,528 | 2,572,218 | 4,764,093 | 7,280,706 |
| London[285] | 8,361,000 | 8,196,000 | 7,509,000 | 6,751,000 | 6,794,000 | 7,273,000 |
| Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana[277] | 4,045,514 | 6,529,638 | 8,377,684 | 9,511,568 | 10,883,429 | 11,798,345 |
| Madrid[286] | 1,700,000 | 2,392,000 | 3,521,000 | 4,253,000 | 4,414,000 | 5,014,000 |
| Manila[277] | 1,543,666 | 2,273,734 | 3,534,309 | 5,954,719 | 7,972,799 | 9,957,962 |
| Melbourne[287] | 1,332,000 | 1,851,000 | 2,499,000 | 2,839,000 | 3,154,000 | 3,361,000 |
| Mexico City[277] | 3,365,081 | 5,479,184 | 8,830,947 | 13,027,620 | 15,642,318 | 18,457,028 |
| Miami[288] | 622,000 | 1,361,000 | 2,141,000 | 3,122,000 | 3,969,000 | 4,933,000 |
| Milan[289] | 1,883,000 | 2,395,000 | 3,017,000 | 3,168,000 | 3,063,000 | 2,985,000 |
| Montreal[290] | 1,343,000 | 2,031,000 | 2,684,000 | 2,824,000 | 3,154,000 | 3,429,000 |
| Moscow[277] | 5,356,392 | 6,169,961 | 7,106,457 | 8,136,141 | 8,986,631 | 10,004,523 |
| Mumbai[277] | 3,088,811 | 4,414,904 | 6,412,876 | 9,199,543 | 12,355,090 | 16,146,526 |
| Munich[291] | 831,000 | 1,060,000 | 1,294,000 | 1,299,000 | 1,218,000 | 1,202,000 |
| New York-Newark[277] | 12,338,471 | 14,163,521 | 16,191,179 | 15,601,401 | 16,085,600 | 17,813,372 |
| Osaka[277] | 7,005,284 | 10,614,841 | 15,271,510 | 17,027,548 | 18,388,782 | 18,660,022 |
| Paris[277] | 6,283,018 | 7,410,735 | 8,208,121 | 8,669,349 | 9,330,327 | 9,736,538 |
| Rio de Janeiro[277] | 3,026,195 | 4,493,182 | 6,790,519 | 8,783,870 | 9,697,487 | 11,306,768 |
| Rome[292] | 1,884,000 | 2,456,000 | 3,135,000 | 3,390,000 | 3,714,000 | 3,708,000 |
| Saint Petersburg (from 1924 to 1991, Leningrad)[293] | 2,903,000 | 3,398,000 | 3,980,000 | 4,645,000 | 4,989,000 | 4,719,000 |
| Santiago de Chile[294] | 1,322,000 | 1,980,000 | 2,647,000 | 3,721,000 | 4,616,000 | 5,658,000 |
| São Paulo[277] | 2,334,038 | 3,969,759 | 7,620,490 | 12,089,454 | 14,775,840 | 17,014,078 |
| Seoul[295] | 1,021,000 | 2,361,000 | 5,312,000 | 8,244,000 | 10,518,000 | 9,879,000 |
| Shanghai[277] | 4,288,091 | 6,865,312 | 6,052,468 | 5,927,898 | 8,605,812 | 14,246,541 |
| Singapore[296] | 1,006,701 | 1,601,079 | 2,061,831 | 2,400,729 | 3,022,209 | 4,053,602 |
| Sydney[297] | 1,690,000 | 2,135,000 | 2,892,000 | 3,252,000 | 3,632,000 | 3,780,000 |
| Taipei[298] | 551,000 | 880,000 | 1,406,000 | 2,247,000 | 2,737,000 | 2,642,000 |
| Tehran[299] | 1,041,000 | 1,873,000 | 3,290,000 | 5,079,000 | 6,365,000 | 7,128,000 |
| Tokyo[277] | 11,274,641 | 16,678,822 | 23,297,502 | 28,548,512 | 32,530,002 | 34,449,908 |
| Washington, D.C.[300] | 1,298,000 | 1,823,000 | 2,488,000 | 2,777,000 | 3,376,000 | 3,949,000 |
See also
- List of largest cities throughout history (7000 BC – AD 2000)
- List of largest cities, present day
- Estimates of historical world population
Notes
- Dobrovody and Maydanets Suggested to be housing up to 10,000 people in Modelski's text (pp. 24–25), The estimate is based on the author's personal communication with Mikhail Videiko, Institute of Archaeology, Kyiv, October 2002 (p. 75). The previous estimates by S. I. Kruts for Maydanets and Talianki are 8,000 (1,575 housed within 270 ha) and 14,000 (2,700 houses within 450 ha), respectively (Pitskhelauri, K. N., and Chernykh, E. N. Eds., Kavkaz v sisteme paleometallicheskikh kultur Evrazii, Metsniereba, Tbilisi, 1989, pp. 146–156.).[full citation needed]
- Modelski's list of the world's largest cities treats Thebes and Haojing as the top cities with 100,000 inhabitants (p. 218), though the same list on the next page (p. 219) as well as Table 2 (c) place the population of Thebes at 120,000, while that for Haojing as well as Memphis and Babylon at 100,000 (pp. 33-34).[full citation needed]
- Chandler listed Thebes, Haoqing, and Chengzhou (Luoyang) as the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd largest cities (p. 460), though Luoyang is supposed to pass 100,000 in 1000 B.C. (p. 541).[full citation needed]
- When the city first passed 100,000, suggested by Richard Forstall (pp. 541-542).[full citation needed]
- Haoqing, the capital of Western Zhou, was located 15 km SW of Chang'an, the capital of Sung and Tang dynasties as well as the present center of Xi'an. Han capital was located 5 km NW of the center of modern Xi'an. All these sites are now within the sub-provincial city of Xi'an.