History of the Seattle Mariners
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The Seattle Mariners are an American professional baseball team based in Seattle, Washington. Enfranchised in 1977, the Mariners are a member of the Western Division of Major League Baseball's American League. Safeco Field, now named T-Mobile Park, has been the Mariners' home ballpark since July 1999. From their 1977 inception until June 1999, the club's home park was the Kingdome.
Before being awarded a team in Major League Baseball, Seattle had been a staple of the Pacific Coast League minor league dating back to the late 19th century. The first attempt to land a major league team failed when a bid by William Daley to move the Cleveland Indians to Seattle in 1965 fell apart.[1] In late 1967, Daley, by then having sold the Indians, led a consortium to win a franchise in the 1969 expansion (said expansion was originally planned for 1971, but pressure by Missouri senator Stuart Symington led to the expansion taking place two years earlier than scheduled). That team became the Seattle Pilots.[1] The Pilots, amidst a bevy of financial problems, were sold and relocated to Milwaukee after just one season in Seattle for the 1970 season and became the Milwaukee Brewers.
The Mariners were created as a result of a lawsuit. In 1970, in the aftermath of the Pilots' purchase and relocation to Milwaukee by future Commissioner of Baseball Bud Selig, the City of Seattle, King County, and the state of Washington (represented by then-State Attorney General and future U.S. Senator Slade Gorton) sued the American League for breach of contract.[2] Confident that Major League Baseball would return to Seattle within a few years, King County built the multi-purpose Kingdome, which would also become home to the NFL's expansion Seattle Seahawks in 1976.
The Pilots lawsuit continued until 1976. At trial, the American League offered to give Seattle an expansion baseball franchise in return for dropping the suit,[2] and details were ironed out over the next year. To keep the league with an even number of teams, a formal expansion proceeding was held, with a second team, the Blue Jays, being awarded to the city of Toronto (also allowing both leagues to place a team in Canada, the National League's Montreal Expos (now the Washington Nationals) having been established in 1969). The new Seattle team, to begin play in 1977, was to be owned by a consortium led by entertainer Danny Kaye,[3][4] along with Stanley Golub, Walter Schoenfeld, Lester Smith, James Stillwell Jr., and James A. Walsh.
The name "Mariners" was chosen by club officials in August 1976 from over 600 names submitted by 15,000 entrants in a name-the-team contest.[5] The name was submitted by Roger Szmodis of Bellevue, Washington. However, when the Mariners attempted to reach Szmodis about the prize he had won as a result of his entry being chosen, they were unable to make contact with him, with all efforts to track the man down for years being unsuccessful.[6] According to Dick Vertlieb, the first general manager of the Mariners, he wanted to name the team "Hustlers" or "Pros" and dress them in black, even stating his disappointment in an interview for the eventual name chosen that he described as "lame".[7]
1977–1990: Debut and winning struggles
The Mariners played their first game on April 6, 1977, to a sold-out crowd of 57,762 at the Kingdome, getting shut out by the California Angels 7–0.[8] After also being shut out in their second game, the team recorded its first win two days later defeating the Angels, 7–6.[9] The first home run in team history was hit on April 10, 1977, by designated hitter Juan Bernhardt.[10] That year, star pitcher Diego Seguí, in his last major league season, became the only player to play for both the Pilots and the Mariners. The Mariners finished with a 64–98 record, good for a sixth-place finish in the AL West, echoing the record the 1969 Pilots once held; however, the team narrowly avoided last place by half a game. In 1979, Seattle hosted the 50th Major League Baseball All-Star Game. After the 1981 season, the Mariners were sold to California businessman and future U.S. Ambassador to Spain George Argyros.
Despite having stars such as Hall of Fame pitcher Gaylord Perry (nicknamed the "Ancient Mariner"), 1984 American League Rookie of the Year Alvin Davis, two-time All-Star and three-time Gold Glove winner Harold Reynolds, three-time American League strikeout leader Mark Langston, and shortstop and team captain Spike Owen on their rosters, the Mariners teams of the late 1970s and the entirety of the 1980s were characterized by perennial non-achievement, gaining a reputation for poor performances, low attendance, and losing records. Moreover, the team's ownership again changed hands after the 1988 season, as Argyros sold the club to a group headed by Indianapolis communications magnate Jeff Smulyan. However, the 1989 rookie season of center fielder Ken Griffey Jr., acquired with the first overall pick of the 1987 amateur draft, gave fans hope that a change of fortunes might be on the horizon. The Mariners finished with a losing record in 1990 to start off the decade.[11] The Mariners did have their moments that year like Randy Johnson's first no-hitter on June 2, and on September 14, Ken Griffey Sr. and Ken Griffey Jr. hit back-to-back home runs, becoming the first father-and-son duo to hit home runs in the same game.
1991–1992: A glimmer of hope

After yet another dismal performance in 1990, the Mariners managed their first winning season in 1991, finishing 83–79 under manager Jim Lefebvre. Though it was the team's best season up to that point, it was only good enough for a fifth-place finish in the seven-team American League West in which no team finished under .500, and Lefebvre was fired after that season. The team hired Bill Plummer as Lefebvre's replacement for the 1992 season, but he too was let go after a 98-loss campaign in 1992. Much of the reason for that was trading away pitchers Bill Swift, Mike Jackson and Dave Burba to the San Francisco Giants for outfielder Kevin Mitchell and pitcher Mike Remlinger. Bill Swift won the ERA title in 1992 and finish second in Cy Young voting in 1993, Mike Jackson had a solid career as a relief pitcher and Burba pitched well as both a reliever and starter. While Kevin Mitchell had a solid year in 1992, he was traded the next season to Cincinnati for Norm Charlton and Mike Remlinger did not even play in a Mariner uniform. By this time, having enough of the lack of enthusiasm for the city towards the team, Jeff Smulyan attempted to sell the team that could mean relocation by triggering an escape clause. Lawyer Art Harrigan argued that the timing of when the clause could apply did not apply there, which proved successful in forcing Smulyan to first offer local buyers a chance to buy it for roughly $100 million before buyers (such as in Tampa Bay) could pounce. Through the efforts of United States Senator Slade Gorton, the Mariners found a group of Seattle-area businessmen to buy the team, led by Nintendo chairman Hiroshi Yamauchi.[12][13] The purchase was initially opposed by baseball officials, who objected to a team being owned by a non-North American entity. Eventually, they allowed the sale, provided that the team's presidency and chairmanship remained in the hands of American partners; the new ownership promised to keep the team in Seattle.
1993–2002
1993: The new and improved Mariners
In 1993, the Mariners introduced new uniforms and a new color scheme. Prior to the season, the Mariners hired manager Lou Piniella, who had led the Cincinnati Reds to victory in the 1990 World Series and was a fan favorite during his playing career, primarily with the New York Yankees. Mariners fans embraced Piniella,[14] and he managed the team for a decade, winning two American League Manager of the Year Awards along the way. For only the second time, the Mariners had a winning record, though only two games above .500, at 82–80.
1994 season: The labor strike-shortened season
The Mariners' fortunes began to improve in 1994. Beginning in the late 1980s, the team had added a core of strong players built around center fielder Ken Griffey Jr., pitcher Randy Johnson, third baseman Edgar Martínez, and right fielder Jay Buhner. On July 19, 1994, four 15-pound ceiling tiles fell from the Kingdome roof onto the field and into the stadium's seating bowl. The incident led to uncertainty over whether the Kingdome was fit for use as a major league stadium, and may well have ultimately been a factor leading to the construction of Safeco Field. Unable to play at the venue while repairs were being executed, the Major League Baseball Players' Association rejected the idea of playing games at Cheney Stadium in Tacoma or BC Place in Vancouver, feeling that games should not be played in non-MLB venues. This forced the Mariners to play their next 20 games on the road over the span of 21 days. The long trip began miserably as the Mariners started off 2–8, but rebounded to win nine of their next ten games, leaving them just 2 games behind the division-leading Texas Rangers when a players' strike was called on August 12 that resulted in the cancellation of the rest of the season (at that point, no team in the American League West had reached .500, with the Rangers being the closest at 10 games below, at 52–62; the Mariners were 50–64). Many players felt the time together on the road and the overcoming of the adversity faced that season fed directly into the success the team achieved in the 1995 season.[15] The extended road trip resulted in a peculiarity, in which the first game in a series with the Boston Red Sox – which was supposed to be in Seattle – was rained out; if one still counts this as a home game, it marked the first – and so far only – home rainout in Mariners history (the Kingdome's successor venue for the Mariners, T-Mobile Park has a retractable roof, so games can either be played indoors or outdoors, always indoors when it is raining).
1995 season: "Refuse to Lose"/the first playoff season
Although pitchers Randy Johnson, Bill Risley, and Bobby Ayala combined for an opening-day three-hit shutout, the Mariners' 1995 season started off on a bad note overall, as Griffey sustained a major early-season injury. Despite this loss, the Mariners continued to play fairly well, guided by Piniella. In mid-August, however, the Mariners appeared to be out of contention, 13 games behind the first-place California Angels. In September, a ballot measure for a new stadium for the Mariners was shot down by King County voters. However, luck turned their way that month.
The tide turned with a September winning streak marked by late-inning comeback wins, which led to their most-known slogan "Refuse to Lose". Combined with an absolute collapse by the Angels, this opened the way for the Mariners to end up tied with the Angels for first place at the end of the regular season, forcing a one-game playoff. The playoff pitted Johnson against Angels ace Mark Langston, whom, incidentally, the Mariners had traded for Johnson in 1989. Langston ended up on the seat of his pants at homeplate failing to tag out Luis Sojo who came all the way around after clearing the bases with a ball that got by the Angels first baseman, J. T. Snow, rattled around underneath California's bullpen bench, and resulted in a hurried and errant cut-off throw from Langston. The Mariners won the tiebreaker game 9–1 and clinched their first-ever trip to the playoffs. The Mariners had won 25 of their last 36 games.
Here's the pitch. Swing, and it's a ground ball, and it gets on by Snow. Down the right field line into the bullpen. Here comes Blowers. Here comes Tino. Here comes Joey. The throw to the plate is cut off. The relay by Langston gets by Allanson. Cora scores! Here comes Sojo...he scores! Everybody scores! Sojo comes in! The relay to the plate got on by Andy Allanson and the catcher. Sojo with a triple down the right field line, and the Mariners take the lead, five to nothing! This place is going wild!
The Mariners lost the first two games of the 1995 American League Division Series against the New York Yankees, but managed to win the next two at home and force a decisive Game 5. Down 5–4 in the bottom of the 11th inning, the most memorable moment in Mariners history took place. Edgar Martínez hit a game-winning double off Yankee ace Jack McDowell, scoring Joey Cora and Griffey to win the game 6–5 and advance to the American League Championship Series. "The Double", as Martínez's clutch hit has since been called by Mariners fans, is credited as being "the moment that saved baseball in Seattle" by generating newly refreshed interest in the team and making a new, baseball-only stadium possible. Soon after, the Washington State Legislature approved funding for what eventually became Safeco Field (now T-Mobile Park), a retractable-roof stadium, built near the Kingdome (which itself was demolished in 2000, with the Seahawks' new stadium, now known as Lumen Field, now occupying the same site).
Mariner commentator Dave Niehaus' call on the play is still remembered by many Mariner fans:[16]
Right now, the Mariners looking for the tie. They would take a fly ball, they would love a base hit into the gap, and they could win it with Junior's speed. The stretch, and the 0–1 pitch on the way to Edgar Martínez, swung on and lined down the left field line for a base hit! Here comes Joey. Here is Junior to third base, they're going to wave him in, the throw to the plate will beeee late! The Mariners are going to play for the American League championship! I don't believe it! It just continues! My oh my!
The quote is featured in a tribute song, "My Oh My", released in December 2010 by Seattle rapper Macklemore after Niehaus died of a heart attack in November. On April 8, 2011, Mariners Opening Day, Macklemore performed the song in honor of Niehaus.[17]
Although the Mariners' championship run was halted in the ALCS by another up-and-coming club, Mike Hargrove's Cleveland Indians, who won the series 4 games to 2, 1995 is remembered as "The Magical Season" and "The Miracle Mariners of 1995" with "The Double" still considered by many the greatest moment in Mariners history.[18]
1996–1999: Lack of pitching depth

In 1996, the Mariners, led by Griffey, rookie shortstop Alex Rodriguez, and sluggers Jay Buhner and Edgar Martínez, won a then-team record 85 games, but missed the playoffs. The offense set the all-time record for most home runs by a team in a season, but ultimately the Mariners' inconsistent pitching, exacerbated by a midseason injury to Randy Johnson, doomed the team.[19] The Mariners hit a Major-league record 264 home runs and won a division title again in 1997, but were defeated in the 1997 American League Division Series 3 games to 1 by the Baltimore Orioles. They were again hurt by a lack of pitching depth to complement the strong offense,[20] which was led by Griffey, who won the MVP award, a first for both him and the Mariners.
In 1998 and 1999, the Mariners had losing records due primarily to their lack of pitching depth. Randy Johnson was traded at the 1998 July non-waiver trading deadline to the Houston Astros after general manager Woody Woodard publicly stated he did not intend on offering Johnson (who was a free agent following the 1998 season) a long-term contract.[21] Johnson subsequently requested to be traded. He had been inconsistent during the first half of the season; some fans and press thought he had been trying to force a trade through malaise.[22] The trade that sent Johnson to the Astros turned out to be a major steal for the Mariners as although Randy Johnson went 10–1 with 116 strikeouts down the stretch (the Astros were eliminated by the San Diego Padres in the NLDS and Johnson signed with the Arizona Diamondbacks in the offseason), the Mariners got future stars in pitcher Freddy Garcia and shortstop Carlos Guillen; strong pitching from aces Jeff Fassero and Jamie Moyer was not enough to fully offset the loss, and the bullpen's struggles continued. Midway through the 1999 season, the Mariners moved to Safeco Field. After the 1999 season, Ken Griffey Jr. requested and attained a trade to the Cincinnati Reds, leaving Alex Rodriguez as the face of the franchise at the beginning of the high-expectation Safeco Field era, which was during the years 2000–2003.
2000: The first wild card berth

2000 was a return to respectability for the Mariners. They finished half a game behind the Oakland Athletics in the American League West, as they played only 161 games. The tiebreaking rules had already awarded the division crown to Oakland, so the rained out 162nd game was not made up, and the Mariners were declared wild card winners. While Ken Griffey Jr. was no longer patrolling center or anchoring the middle of the batting order, his replacement, Mike Cameron, was noted for his solid hitting and exceptional glovework (he won two Gold Gloves with the team). Alex Rodriguez replaced Junior as the face of the franchise in 2000. Edgar Martínez continued his steady hitting in the cleanup spot, putting up a career high in homers. Both finished in the top six in MVP voting.[23] A key addition to the team occurred when the Mariners signed the one-time AL Batting Champion John Olerud, a Washington State University graduate and Seattle native, to play first base. Olerud had some of his best seasons in Seattle, and played a huge part in the team's success the following year. Jamie Moyer, Freddy García, and Aaron Sele anchored what was easily the most successful rotation in Seattle since the departure of Randy Johnson. Closer Kazuhiro Sasaki, previously a star for the Japanese Yokohama BayStars, won the AL Rookie of the Year award. Stolen base king and former MVP Rickey Henderson was acquired midseason and filled longtime needs in left field and in the leadoff slot. The Mariners swept the Chicago White Sox in the ALDS, but lost to the eventual World Series champion New York Yankees in six games in the ALCS.
The following offseason was one of the most significant in Mariners history, as Rodríguez was up for free agency. Ultimately, Rodríguez was lost to the Texas Rangers for what was then the richest contract ever in professional sports. However, the Mariners were able to weather the loss by adding Japanese superstar Ichiro Suzuki and slick-fielding, power-hitting second base veteran Bret Boone.
2001: 116–46

In 2001, the addition of Ichiro and a career season by Boone helped the Mariners to tie the record for most wins in the modern era. This was despite the loss of Rodriguez, who was greeted on his return to Safeco with Monopoly money dropped by unusually irate Seattle fans, and on subsequent returns by incessant booing.[24] The 2001 Mariners led the major leagues in winning percentage all season long, easily winning the American League West division championship, breaking the 1998 New York Yankees' American League single-season record of 114 wins, and matching the Major League Baseball record for single-season wins of 116 set by the Chicago Cubs in 1906. At the end of the season, Ichiro won the AL MVP, AL Rookie of the Year, and one of three outfield Gold Glove Awards, becoming the first player since the 1975 Boston Red Sox's Fred Lynn to win all three in the same season. He has been the subject of several books (including one released in the summer of 2001 that consists solely of his zen-like quotations).
The Mariners also hosted the All-Star Game in July of that year, and had a league-leading and team record eight All-Stars: right fielder Ichiro Suzuki, designated hitter Edgar Martínez, center fielder Mike Cameron, second baseman Bret Boone, first baseman John Olerud, and pitchers Freddy Garcia, Kazuhiro Sasaki, and Jeff Nelson.
The Mariners pulled off a come-from-behind 3–2 series win over the Cleveland Indians in the Division Series to advance to the American League Championship Series to have a rematch with the New York Yankees, but succumbed to the Yankees for the second year in a row in the ALCS, 4 games to 1. The team went 116–46 in the regular season, but just 4–6 in the postseason.
2002: Last year of Lou
The Mariners started the 2002 season hot (they were on pace to win 100+ games again well into the summer), but they missed out on the playoffs. This was widely attributed to their failure to find a substantial contributor at the trade deadline[25] and hot streaks by the Anaheim Angels and Oakland Athletics in the later months of the season. Ultimately, the Angels won the 2002 World Series as the Mariners won 93 games, which was still the second best total in their history. At the end of the season, manager Lou Piniella left the Mariners to manage his hometown Tampa Bay Devil Rays, reportedly due to his anger with management; Piniella believed that management was more concerned with the bottom line than acquiring quality players.[26]




