Hitchin Rural District

The district had its origins in the Hitchin Rural Sanitary District. This had been created under the Public Health Acts of 1872 and 1875, giving public health and local government responsibilities for rural areas to the existing boards of guardians of poor law unions. The Hitchin Rural Sanitary District covered the area of the Hitchin Poor Law Union excluding the towns of Hitchin, Baldock, and Stevenage.^[2]

Under the Local Government Act 1894, rural sanitary districts became rural districts from 28 December 1894. The link with the poor law union continued, with all the elected councillors of the rural district council being ex officio members of the Hitchin Board of Guardians. The first meeting of the new council was held on 8 January 1895, immediately after a meeting of the board of guardians. The first chairman of the council was Joseph Neville Hine (who was known by his middle name), a Conservative. He would hold the role of chairman for over 23 years.^[3][4][5][6]

The Local Government Act 1894 also directed that the new rural districts should be only in one county. Where rural sanitary districts straddled county boundaries, as Hitchin Rural Sanitary District did, they should be split into separate rural districts in each county, or otherwise boundary amendments should be made. Most of Hitchin Rural Sanitary District was in Hertfordshire, but the single parish of Holwell was in Bedfordshire. The Local Government Board agreed to allow the new Hitchin Rural District to initially straddle Hertfordshire and Bedfordshire. This anomaly was resolved when Holwell was transferred to Hertfordshire on 30 September 1897, and thereafter Hitchin Rural District was entirely in Hertfordshire.^[7][8]

In 1903 work began on the new town of Letchworth Garden City. It straddled the three parishes of Letchworth, Norton, and Willian, all of which were in Hitchin Rural District. Much of the early development of the garden city was therefore carried out under the byelaws and supervision of Hitchin Rural District Council. Letchworth parish was enlarged in 1908, when Norton parish was abolished and the northern part of Willian parish was transferred to Letchworth parish. The enlarged Letchworth parish remained part of Hitchin Rural District at that time.^[9] Letchworth was eventually removed from Hitchin Rural District in 1919, when it became Letchworth Urban District.^[10]

In 1921 Hitchin Rural District ceded the parish of Walsworth to Hitchin Urban District.^[11]

Hitchin Rural District was substantially enlarged in 1935 when the neighbouring rural districts of Ashwell and Buntingford were abolished. A small area from Ashwell Rural District was given to Royston Urban District but the remainder became part of Hitchin Rural District, as did the three parishes of Sandon, Rushden, and Wallington from Buntingford Rural District. The parish of Willian was ceded to Letchworth Urban District at the same time.^[12]

In 1953 the parish of Shephall was ceded to Stevenage Urban District, along with parts of the parishes of Graveley, Knebworth and Wymondley, reflecting the ongoing growth of Stevenage, which had been designated as a new town in 1946.^[13]

Hitchin Rural District contained the following civil parishes.