Honorary titles of China
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Honorary titles are honorary awards granted by government agencies of China to individuals or collectives.
Before the establishment of the Chinese Communist Party and state's system for awarding honors and awards in 2017, the state constitution and some related laws formulated a principled plan for the methods of awarding honorary titles, which mainly consisted of the following aspects:[1]
- National honorary titles: Articles 67 and 80 of the Constitution of China stipulate that they shall be conferred by the President of China in accordance with the decision of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress. In other words, other central government agencies do not have the power to confer national honorary titles.[2][3]
- National-level honorary titles: awarded by the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, the National People's Congress, and the State Council.[4]
- Local honorary titles at all levels: Article 44 of the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Organization of Local People's Congresses and Local People's Governments at All Levels stipulates that local honorary titles at the county level and above shall be granted by the Standing Committees of the People's Congresses at all levels.[5][6]
- Military honorary titles: The honorary titles of military personnel and units are determined by the Central Military Commission in accordance with the conditions of the Disciplinary Regulations of the Chinese People's Liberation Army.[7]
- People's Police Honorary Titles: The honorary titles of individual and collective people's police officers shall be granted by the public security organs in accordance with the conditions of the People's Police Law of the People's Republic of China.[8]
- Honorary titles in the health system: The national health system collective and individual honorary titles are awarded in accordance with the conditions of the Provisional Regulations on Honorary Titles in the National Health System.
- Honorary titles for civil servants: Honorary titles for individual civil servants and collectives are awarded in accordance with the conditions of the Civil Servant Law of the People's Republic of China and the Provisions on Awards for Civil Servants (Trial Implementation).[9][10]
- Honorary titles of the people: There are no nationally unified regulations for honorary titles of the people, and the conditions for granting them are determined by the local people's governments themselves.
On 14 December 2015, the Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party reviewed and approved the Opinions on Establishing and Improving the System of Commendation and Recognition for Meritorious Service in the Party and the State.[11][12] On 25 December 2015, the CCP Central Committee issued the Opinions on Establishing and Improving the System of Commendation and Recognition for Meritorious Service in the Party and the State. On 27 December 2015, the 18th meeting of the Standing Committee of the 12th National People's Congress passed the Law of the People's Republic of China on National Medals and National Honorary Titles, establishing national honorary titles.[13] The law came into effect on 1 January 2016. In April 2016, the CCP Central Committee decided to establish the Working Committee on Party and State Merit and Honor Commendation, "responsible for coordinating the work of commendation and recognition for meritorious service in the Party and the State".[12][14] In July 2017, the Regulations on Commendation of Meritorious Service and Honors within the Chinese Communist Party, Regulations on Commendation of Meritorious Service and Honors of the State, Regulations on Commendation of Meritorious Service and Honors of the Army, Measures for Granting the Medal of the Republic and National Honorary Titles, Measures for Granting the July 1st Medal, Measures for Granting the August 1st Medal, and Measures for Granting the Friendship Medal, all formulated by the Party and State Meritorious Service and Honors Commendation Committee, were approved and implemented by the CCP Central Committee. The system of commendation of meritorious service and honors of the Party and the State was thus established. This system includes four levels: medals, honorary titles, commendations and awards, and commemorative medals. Among them, honorary titles are divided into:[14][15]
- National honorary titles: In accordance with the Law of the People's Republic of China on National Medals and National Honorary Titles, the Regulations on National Meritorious Service and Honors, and the Measures for Granting the Medal of the Republic and National Honorary Titles, these titles are awarded to outstanding individuals who have made significant contributions and enjoy high prestige in various fields and industries such as economy, society, national defense, diplomacy, education, science and technology, culture, health, and sports.[14] They are generally given titles such as "People's Hero", "People's Guardian", "People's Scientist", "People's Artist", and "People's Educator".[15]
- Honorary titles conferred by the CCP Central Committee, the State Council and the Central Military Commission: In accordance with the "Regulations on Commendation and Recognition of Meritorious Service in the Chinese Communist Party", the "Regulations on Commendation and Recognition of National Meritorious Service", and the "Regulations on Commendation and Recognition of Military Meritorious Service", these titles are conferred on individuals and collectives who have made outstanding contributions to the coordinated promotion of the "Four Comprehensives" strategic layout, the construction and defense of socialism with Chinese characteristics, have a noble spirit and demeanor, and have performed particularly outstandingly and whose deeds are particularly touching in the work of disaster relief, handling emergencies or completing major special tasks.[15]
On 17 September 2019, President Xi Jinping signed a presidential decree, awarding national medals and national honorary titles to 42 people in accordance with the decision of the 13th meeting of the Standing Committee of the 13th National People's Congress on awarding national medals and national honorary titles, of which 28 people received national honorary titles.[16]
References
- ↑ Wei, Changhao; Hu, Taige (2019-09-10). "Law Explainer: China's State Medals and State Honorary Titles". NPC Observer. Retrieved 2026-04-12.
- ↑ 《中华人民共和国宪法》第六十七条节录:全国人民代表大会常务委员会行使下列职权:……(十六)规定和决定授予国家的勋章和荣誉称号……
- ↑ 《中华人民共和国宪法》第八十条节录:中华人民共和国主席根据全国人民代表大会的决定和全国人民代表大会常务委员会的决定……授予国家的勋章和荣誉称号……
- ↑ 《地方各级人民代表大会和地方各级人民政府组织法》第四十四条节录:县级以上的地方各级人民代表大会常务委员会行使下列职权……(十四)决定授予地方的荣誉称号。
- ↑ 《中国人民解放军纪律条令》第十二条节录:对个人的奖励项目(一)嘉奖;(二)三等功;(三)二等功;(四)一等功;(五)荣誉称号……
- ↑ 《中国人民解放军纪律条令》第十三条节录:对单位的奖励项目(一)嘉奖;(二)三等功;(三)二等功;(四)一等功;(五)荣誉称号……
- ↑ 《中华人民共和国警察法》第三十一条节录:人民警察个人或者集体在工作中表现突出,有显著成绩和特殊贡献的,给予奖励。奖励分为:嘉奖、三等功、二等功、一等功、授予荣誉称号……
- ↑ 《全国卫生系统荣誉称号暂行规定》第二条:本规定所设置的荣誉称号是以卫生部的名义对全国卫生系统先进集体和模范个人授予的最高行政奖励。
- ↑ 《中华人民共和国公务员法》第五十条节录:奖励分为:嘉奖、记三等功、记二等功、记一等功、授予荣誉称号……
- ↑ 《公务员奖励规定(试行)》第六条节录:对公务员、公务员集体的奖励分为:嘉奖、记三等功、记二等功、记一等功、授予荣誉称号……(五)对功绩卓著的,授予“人民满意的公务员”、“人民满意的公务员集体”或者“模范公务员”、 “模范公务员集体”等荣誉称号。
- ↑ "中央政治局会议:化解房地产库存 稳定房地产市场". 新华网. 2015-12-14. Archived from the original on 2016-01-11.
- 1 2 "习近平对党和国家功勋荣誉表彰工作作出重要指示". 新华网. 2016-05-18. Archived from the original on 2017-07-29.
- ↑ "中华人民共和国国家勋章和国家荣誉称号法". 中国人大网. 2015-12-28. Archived from the original on 2019-06-09.
- 1 2 3 "我国确立中国特色功勋荣誉表彰制度体系". 新华网. 2017-07-27. Archived from the original on 2017-07-29.
- 1 2 3 "党和国家功勋荣誉表彰工作委员会办公室负责人答记者问". 网易. 2017-07-28. Archived from the original on 2017-07-29.
- ↑ "国家主席习近平签署主席令 在庆祝中华人民共和国成立70周年之际授予42人国家勋章和国家荣誉称号". 新华社. 2019-09-17. Archived from the original on 2024-12-15. Retrieved 2019-09-17.