Huiminglu

In 1912, Liu Shifu co-founded the Cock-Crow Society in Guangzhou.^[5] In August, Liu founded the magazine, drafted the preface to the first volume and declared his political platform to be "communism, anti-militarism, anarcho-syndicalism, anti-religion and anti-family, vegetarianism, unification of language, and the great harmony of all countries."^[6] As Yuan Shikai became the first President of the Republic of China and attempted to seize more power, the magazine attracted the attention of the government. In July 1913, the magazine as well as the society was ordered to suspend by Long Jiguang, governor of Guangdong.^[7] One month later, Liu re-established and renamed the magazine in Macau.^[8]

The magazine was thought to contribute the ideological development of labor movement in China, as it criticized the state socialism advocated by Sun Yat-sen and Jiang Kanghu, arguing social revolution could only be carried by common people.^[3]

Though moving to Macau in 1913, the magazine moved to the Shanghai International Settlement under the pressure of the Portuguese Macau government again after publishing another two issues.^[9] The magazine stopped its publication in 1916 after Liu's death, and re-opened and then stopped again in 1921.^[10]

English Sources

• "Anarchism in China". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 10 September 2022.
• Clifford, Paul Gilmore (1978). The intellectual development of Wu Zhihui: A reflection of society and politics in late Qing and Republican China (PDF) (Doctor of Philosophy (History) thesis). University of London. doi:10.25501/SOAS.00029654. Retrieved 9 September 2022.
• Guo, Vivienne Xiangwei (January 2020). "Not Just a Man of Guns: Chen Jiongming, Warlord, and the May Fourth Intellectual (1919–1922)". Journal of Chinese History. 4 (1): 161–185. doi:10.1017/jch.2019.22. hdl:10871/39039. ISSN 2059-1632. S2CID 211654554. Retrieved 9 September 2022.
• "Huiming Centennial: Why Talk about 1910s Anarchism in the 2010s?". libcom.org. 5 May 2014. Retrieved 9 September 2022.
• Smith, S. A. (2002). Like cattle and horses : nationalism and labor in Shanghai, 1895-1927. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 9780822380863. Retrieved 9 September 2022.
• Zuo, Yuhe (June 2012). "Populism during the period of the 1911 Revolution". Journal of Modern Chinese History. 6 (1): 33–43. doi:10.1080/17535654.2012.670513. S2CID 144090621. Retrieved 9 September 2022.

Chinese Sources

• Cai, Guoyu; Xiao, Yu (8 October 2020). 中共黨史 [History of the CCP] (in Traditional Chinese). Wu Nan Book INC. ISBN 978-986-522-051-8. Retrieved 9 September 2022.
• Chen, Cheng-Mao (March 2023). "無政府主義的「烏托邦」：劉師復與民初的《民聲》雜誌" [Anarchist "Utopia": Liu Shi-fu and the Min-sheng Magazine in the Early Republic of China]. 臺北城市科技大學通識學報 [Journal of Liberal Studies, Taipei City University of Science and Technology] (in Traditional Chinese) (12): 15–41. ISSN 2310-1830. Retrieved 29 August 2023.
• Ma, Zhirong; Pei, Yan; Jiang, Qingbo; Jiao, Peng (1 January 2018). 广东留学史 [History of Studying Abroad in Guangdong] (in Simplified Chinese). Social Sciences Literature Press. ISBN 978-7-5097-7753-4. Retrieved 9 September 2022.
• "莫纪彭" [Mo Jipeng]. www.sunyat-sen.org. Retrieved 9 September 2022. 1921年，莫任海军总长程璧光私人秘书，恢复《民声》出版，担任编辑。同时担任编辑的还有郑佩刚，但从30期出至32期即停刊，心社亦解散。 [In 1921, Mo served as the personal secretary of Chief of Navy Cheng Bikuang and resumed the publication of "Minsheng" as its editor. At the same time, Cheng Pei-gang was also the editor, but the publication was discontinued from issue 30 to issue 32, and the Heart Society was also disbanded.]