Hula basin
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The Hula basin is a sedimentary basin in northern Israel, created by lateral movement on segments of Dead Sea Transform fault zone. The basin is bounded on its western and eastern sides by steep fault zones. The fault to the west, the Hula Western Border fault, continues northwards, splitting into the Roum and Yammouneh faults. The fault to the east, the Eastern Border Fault, continues southwards as the Jordan fault. The basin's fill reaches a maximum of about 3,500 m.[1] The basin has been part-filled by a lake until the recent past, although it is now the Hula valley, with only remnants of the lake left.
The Hula basin is a pull-apart basin formed at an extensional fault stepover on the left-lateral Dead Sea Transform, which forms the transform plate boundary between the African plate to the west and the Arabian plate to the east. The transform began to form when rifting in the Gulf of Suez Rift slowed, during the Early to Middle Miocene. A set of faults began to form that propagated northwards along the line of what is now the Jordan valley, reaching as far as the Sea of Galilee. Further displacement during the Late Miocene was accommodated mainly by shortening within the Palmyra fold belt. The transform propagated north again during the Early Pliocene through the SW–NE trending Lebanon Restraining Bend as the Yammouneh Fault.[2][1]