Human adenovirus 41
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Human adenovirus 41 | |
|---|---|
Virus classification  | |
| (unranked): | Virus |
| Realm: | Varidnaviria |
| Kingdom: | Bamfordvirae |
| Phylum: | Preplasmiviricota |
| Class: | Pharingeaviricetes |
| Order: | Rowavirales |
| Family: | Adenoviridae |
| Genus: | Mastadenovirus |
| Species: | |
| Virus: | Human adenovirus 41 |
Human adenovirus 41 (HAdV-F41), is an enteric adenovirus, a nonenveloped virus with an icosahedral nucleocapsid containing a double-stranded DNA genome.[1]
It can particularly target the gastrointestinal tract to cause gastroenteritis, with symptoms similar to rotavirus gastroenteritis and norovirus.[2] It may be present in the gut without causing symptoms and can be detected by using molecular based assays and enzyme immunoassay.[2][3] As of August 2022, human adenovirus 41 has been identified in a majority of small children with hepatitis of unknown cause in 2 case series.
Human adenovirus 41 belongs to the Adenoviridae family, and along with Human adenovirus 40, is a member of species Mastadenovirus faecale.[4][5][6]
Pathology
It can particularly target the gastrointestinal tract to cause gastroenteritis in very young children.[3] Symptoms appear similar to rotavirus gastroenteritis and norovirus.[2] It may be present in the gut without causing symptoms.[3]
In an investigation of 5 children with an inflammation of the liver (hepatitis) of unknown cause at Birmingham, Alabama in October 2021, all turned out to have human adenovirus 41.[7] In August 2022, 9 children in a U.S. case series of hepatitis of unknown cause[8] and 27 of 30 children in a U.K. case series with hepatitis of unknown cause who underwent molecular testing[9] tested positive for human adenovirus type 41 in a sample. It was unclear whether human adenovirus 41 was the cause, however.
Diagnosis
It cannot be detected using traditional cell culture isolation,[3] but can be detected by using molecular based assays and enzyme immunoassay.[2]
Epidemiology
Globally it is a significant cause of gastroenteritis, particularly in low and middle income countries,[5][10] but less common than rotavirus and norovirus.[11] How frequently it occurs in sewage and drinking water is not known.[3] Type 40 is less common.[10]