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Hydrazinium nitroformate

Chemical compound From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Hydrazinium nitroformate (HNF) is a salt of hydrazine and nitroform (trinitromethane).[3][4] It has the molecular formula [H2NNH3]+[C(NO2)3]− and is soluble in most solvents.[2]

Quick facts Names, Identifiers ...
Hydrazinium nitroformate
Names
IUPAC name
Hydrazine; trinitromethane
Other names
  • Hydrazine nitroform
  • Hydrazinium trinitromethanide
  • Hydrazinium trinitromethide
  • Hydrazine, compd. with trinitromethane (1:1)
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ECHA InfoCard 100.101.390 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 414-850-9
  • InChI=1S/CN3O6.H4N2/c5-2(6)1(3(7)8)4(9)10;1-2/h;1-2H2/q-1;/p+1
    Key: DTXWOSBMROEDNN-UHFFFAOYSA-O
  • N[NH3+].[O-][N+](=O)[C-]([N+]([O-])=O)[N+]([O-])=O
Properties
[H2NNH3]+[C(NO2)3]−
Molar mass 183.080 g·mol−1
Appearance Colorless or white crystalline solid
Density 1.86 g⋅cm−3[1]
Melting point 121–125 °C (250–257 °F; 394–398 K)[1]
Structure[2]
Monoclinic
P21/n
a = 7.91±0.02 Å, b = 11.77±0.02 Å, c = 13.98±0.02 Å
α = 90°, β = 104.92°, γ = 90°
8
Thermochemistry[1]
−72 kJ⋅mol−1
164.8 kJ⋅mol−1
Explosive data[1]
Shock sensitivity
  • BAM Apparatus:
  • <1 N⋅m (Impure)
  • 1.5 N⋅m (Pure)
  • 3 N⋅m (Ultra-pure)
Friction sensitivity 25 N
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Hydrazinium nitroformate is an energetic oxidizer. It is specifically proposed as the oxidizing component of solid rocket fuels.[1] It is considered a greener rocket fuel because, unlike perchlorate-based oxidants, it does not contain chlorine, which is an ozone-depleting substance.

Hydrazinium nitroformate tends to produce propellants which burn very rapidly and with very high combustion efficiency. Its high energy leads to high specific impulse (Isp) propellants. Replacement of ammonium perchlorate (AP) in ammonium perchlorate composite propellant results in a 7% increase in Isp and a 10% increase in payload capacity. Flame temperature increases greatly, with a simple 80% HNF / 20% HTPB combination burning at a temperature of 3,132 K (2,859 °C; 5,178 °F) vs. 1,420 K (1,150 °C; 2,100 °F) for the same ratio of AP to HTPB.[1]

A disadvantage of HNF as rocket fuel is its incompatibility with common binders and curing agents used in current fuels. Manipulation of crystal morphology and synthetic methods to achieve high purity can improve performance.[1]

References

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