Hyperphagia (ecology)
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In behavioral ecology, hyperphagia is a short-term increase in food intake and metabolization in response to changing environmental conditions. It is most prominent in a number of migratory bird species. Hyperphagia occurs when fat deposits need to be built up over the course of a few days or weeks, for example in wintering birds that are preparing to start on their spring migration, or when feeding habitat conditions improve for only a short duration.[1][2]
Bears
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Brown bears can double their weight from spring to autumn, gaining up to 180 kg (400 lb) of fat. These deposits are used to survive their winter hibernation.[3][4] During summer and autumn, brown bears have been observed consuming large amounts of insects,[5] roots and bulbs,[6] salmon,[7] and other food sources depending on their location and the availability of food.
During the autumn months, American brown bears consume a large amount of hard masts and berries.[6] Bears living near human settlements may break into buildings or vehicles to eat any food left inside.[8] In some rare cases, the amount of food available from human activity is enough to disrupt regular hibernation behaviour.[9]
Squirrels
Ground squirrels prepare for hibernation by a period of hyperphagia.[10] This has been noted in the golden-mantled ground squirrel and the Arctic ground squirrel.[11][12]
In migratory birds
References
- ↑ King, J. R.; Farner, D. S. (1965). "Studies of fat deposition in migratory birds". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 131 (1): 422–440. Bibcode:1965NYASA.131..422K. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1965.tb34808.x. PMID 5216979. S2CID 45371528.
- ↑ Guillemette, M.; Richman, S. E.; Portugal, S. J.; Butler, P. J. (2012). "Behavioural compensation reduces energy expenditure during migration hyperphagia in a large bird". Functional Ecology. 26 (4): 876–883. Bibcode:2012FuEco..26..876G. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2435.2012.01993.x.
- ↑ Kingsley, M. C. S.; Nagy, J. A.; Russell, R. H. (1983). "Patterns of weight gain and loss for grizzly bears in northern Canada". Bears: Their Biology and Management. 5: 174–178. doi:10.2307/3872535. JSTOR 3872535. S2CID 90555276.
- ↑ Hissa, R.; Hohtola, E.; Tuomala-Saramäki, T.; Laine, T. (1998). "Seasonal changes in fatty acids and leptin contents in the plasma of the European brown bear (Ursus arctos arctos)". Annales Zoologici Fennici. 35 (#4): 215–224. JSTOR 23735612.
- ↑ Frąckowiak, W., & Gula, R. (1992). "The autumn and spring diet of brown bear Ursus arctos in the Bieszczady Mountains of Poland" (PDF). Acta Theriologica. 37 (#4): 339–344. doi:10.4098/at.arch.92-34. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 January 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2024.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - 1 2 Hunter, Luke (2011). Carnivores of the world. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. pp. 122–133. ISBN 978-0-691-15228-8.
- ↑ Ferrara, Jeanette (November 2020). "FEEDING FRENZY: Every fall, Alaskan brown bears pack on the pounds to prepare for hibernation". Scholastic DynaMath. 39 (3): 4–8 – via ebscohost.
- ↑ Macdonald, D. W. (2006). The Encyclopedia of Mammals. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-956799-9.
- ↑ "Hank the Tank's Real Story". AnimalRightsChannel.com. 22 February 2022. Archived from the original on 22 February 2022. Retrieved 23 February 2022.
- ↑ Lepkovsky, Samuel (2012). ""The Role of the Chemical Senses in Nutrition"". In Kare, Morley R. (ed.). The Chemical Senses and Nutrition. Elsevier. p. 414. ISBN 978-0-323-14761-3. Retrieved 17 September 2025.
- ↑ Weiner, Herbert; Baum, Andrew S., eds. (2013). Perspectives in Behavioral Medicine: Eating Regulation and Discontrol. Psychology Press. p. 191. ISBN 978-1-134-93394-5. Retrieved 17 September 2025.
- ↑ Xing, X (2012). Ruf, Thomas; Bieber, Claudia; Arnold, Walter; Millesi, Eva (eds.). Living in a Seasonal World: Thermoregulatory and Metabolic Adaptations. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 552. ISBN 978-3-642-28678-0. Retrieved 17 September 2025.
- ↑ Loesch, C. R.; Kaminski, R. M. (1989). "Winter body-weight patterns of female mallards fed agricultural seeds". Journal of Wildlife Management. 53 (4): 1081–1087. doi:10.2307/3809614. JSTOR 3809614.
- ↑ Heitmeyer, M. E. (2006). "The importance of winter floods to mallards in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley". The Journal of Wildlife Management. 70 (1): 101–110. doi:10.2193/0022-541X(2006)70[101:TIOWFT]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 55764159.
