IMC Process Guide

In contrast to conventional formal learning, the user is not uniquely trained before using software, but receives hints, tips and help as soon as a problem occurs when applying a software in everyday work.^[4][5]

The didactic concept takes into account the so-called forgetting curve, or also known as "Ebbinghaus curve" named after the psychologist Hermann Ebbinghaus. The curve describes the high degree of forgetfulness in conventional, formal learning, where only a small part of information is actually moved and therefore saved into the long-term memory of the participants.

The concept is based on the technique of micro learning, where information is divided into small units and the informal learning, which takes place on a day-to-day basis outside the formal educational systems.^[6][7]

Advanced context-sensitive assistance programs like EPSS should not be confused with simple help applications that are usually keyword-triggered. An example for the latter is the well-known, but highly unpopular Clippy.^[8][9] This animated paperclip popped up whenever users typed a certain word or term in Microsoft Office. Clippy was often seen as annoying and removed by Microsoft in 2007. A new generation of virtual assistants, like Microsoft's Cortana uses smarter methods of assessing when and how to offer what help. Help options can appear for instance after a pre-defined time of inaction between two usually connected process-steps, instead of popping up whenever a certain word is typed.

The boundary between online-help from advanced virtual assistants like Microsoft's Cortana or Apple's Siri and EPSS is not always clear.^[10] Both can work like a knowledge navigator or GPS for software. But while Cortana and Siri are more software-specific, an EPPS like Process Guide is more organization-specific. The program does not explain how a certain software works, but instead offers assistance in handling different programs that are in use in an organization as a whole.

The application is unusual for a software made in Germany. Even if the company now has development studios in the US, the UK, Australia and other countries, the developer has its roots in the e-learning and training industry in Germany. Process Guide supports informal learning and training on the job, while training in Germany traditionally relies heavily on formal learning, especially in manufacturing.

Basic vocational training as an apprentice can last three years and certificates in vocational training have a high reputation in Germany, even compared with graduations.^[11] U.S. President Barack Obama recommended the German dual education system as a standard for vocational training in his State of the Union address in 2012. While the so-called dual education system provides "technicians, engineers and skilled workers through a … apparatus of vocational training and technical apprenticeships",^[12] it has downfalls when it comes to lifelong learning, as recommended by the OECD and the European Commission.^[13]

As well it does not prepare for rapidly changing working conditions, like technological innovations or changes in the legal framework of a profession.^[14] In addition, informal training has proven to be efficient. According to Cross, organizations spend 80% of their training budget on formal learning and 20% on informal learning, while informal learning accounts for 80% of the learning success.^[15] Unlike in formal training, usually no certificates or diplomas are handed out though.^[16]